大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (9): 382-391.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202508095

师生笔谈 上一篇    下一篇

类比法在有机化学机理教学中的应用——以羰基化合物及羧酸衍生物为例

孙崇杭, 郑兴芳, 李琳, 姜晓蕾, 胡芳东   

  1. 临沂大学化学化工学院, 山东 临沂 276000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-28 录用日期:2025-09-30 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 姜晓蕾, 胡芳东 E-mail:jiangxiaolei@lyu.edu.cn;hufangdong@lyu.edu.cn Xiaolei Jiang, Fangdong Hu
  • 基金资助:
    山东省本科教学改革研究项目(Z2023046)；山东省高等学校课程思政教学改革研究项目(SZ2023008)；临沂大学教改项目(JG2023Z06,T2021SZ004)；临沂大学2025年校级大学生创新创业训练计划项目

Application of the analogy method in the teaching of organic chemistry mechanisms: exemplified by carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acid derivatives

Chonghang Sun, Xingfang Zheng, Lin Li, Xiaolei Jiang, Fangdong Hu   

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-08-28 Accepted:2025-09-30 Published:2026-09-01
  • Contact: Xiaolei Jiang, Fangdong Hu E-mail:jiangxiaolei@lyu.edu.cn;hufangdong@lyu.edu.cn

PDF

182

赞

摘要： 类比法作为基于认知心理学的有效教学策略，通过建立已知与未知知识间的关联与对比，显著提升知识理解与迁移能力。本文将类比法应用于有机化学机理教学实践，发现该方法不仅有助于学生构建新、旧知识间的认知联系，强化理解与记忆效果，更能培养其知识迁移能力和问题解决能力。基于有机化学的教学内容，本文以典型的羰基化合物醛、酮及羧酸衍生物为例，从亲核加成、亲核取代和1,2-重排三类重要反应机理入手，系统探讨类比法的教学实施策略，意在帮助学生突破传统教学中的认知障碍，提升其化学思维能力和创新意识，为教师进行有机化学机理教学提供新的实践路径。

关键词: 类比法, 醛与酮, 羧酸衍生物, 亲核加成, 反应机理

Abstract: The analogy method, as an effective pedagogical strategy grounded in cognitive psychology, significantly enhances knowledge comprehension and transfer by establishing connections and drawing comparisons between familiar and unfamiliar concepts. This study implements the analogy method in organic chemistry mechanism instruction, demonstrating its efficacy in helping students construct cognitive bridges between new and prior knowledge, thereby strengthening conceptual understanding and retention. Moreover, this approach effectively cultivates students' knowledge transfer capabilities and problem-solving skills. Focusing on fundamental organic chemistry content, this investigation systematically examines instructional strategies employing the analogy method through three pivotal reaction mechanisms—nucleophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution, and 1,2-rearrangement—using representative carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) and carboxylic acid derivatives as illustrative examples. The findings reveal that this methodology successfully overcomes cognitive obstacles inherent in conventional teaching approaches, substantially enhances students' chemical reasoning abilities and innovative thinking, and offers a novel practical framework for teaching organic reaction mechanisms.

Key words: Analogy method, Aldehydes and ketones, Carboxylic acid derivatives, Nucleophilic addition, Reaction mechanism