大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (3): 23-29.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403023

所属专题: 理论与计算化学在化学及其交叉学科教学中的应用

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绘制π分子轨道的切面等值线图

徐菁涵1, 汪洋2, 魏东辉1   

  1. 1 郑州大学化学学院, 郑州 450001;
    2 郑州轻工业大学材料与化学工程学院, 郑州, 450002
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-05 录用日期:2024-05-06 发布日期:2024-05-31
  • 通讯作者: 汪洋, 魏东辉 E-mail:donghuiwei@zzu.edu.cn;wangyang@zzuli.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    郑州大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2023CXCY286);国家自然科学基金面上项目(21773214);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(21903072);河南省自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(212300410083);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划(2020GGJS016)

Drawing Cross-Sectional Contour Maps of π Molecular Orbitals

Jinghan Xu1, Yang Wang2, Donghui Wei1   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
    2 Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • Received:2024-03-05 Accepted:2024-05-06 Published:2024-05-31
  • Contact: Yang Wang, Donghui Wei E-mail:donghuiwei@zzu.edu.cn;wangyang@zzuli.edu.cn

摘要: 本实验拟训练本科生使用Excel软件通过休克尔分子轨道(HMO)法解得的π分子轨道数据绘制切面等值线图,可以直观地展示出诸如丁二烯和苯等简单共轭体系的π电子分布及性质。通过实验做出的图形能用于解决具体的化学问题和总结规律,如总结π轨道的节面个数与能级关系和判定电环化反应的立体选择性等。该实验将量子化学计算与分子结构性质预测相结合,有助于本科生掌握分子轨道理论的应用,且易于推广。

关键词: HMO方法, 分子轨道, Excel, 切面等值线图

Abstract: This experiment aims to train undergraduate students to use Excel to generate cross-sectional contour maps of π molecular orbitals through the Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) method. These maps can intuitively display the π electron distribution and properties of simple conjugate systems, such as butadiene and benzene. The contour maps generated from this experiment can be used to address specific chemical problems and summarize chemical principles, such as the relationship between the number of nodal surfaces and energy levels of π orbitals, and determining the stereoselectivity of electrocyclization reactions. By combining quantum chemical calculations with molecular structural property predictions, this experiment helps undergraduate students master the application of molecular orbital theory and is easy to promote.

Key words: HMO method, Molecular orbitals, Excel, Cross-sectional contour maps