大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (9): 347-354.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202508080

化学实验 上一篇    下一篇

部分互溶双液系相图的绘制实验分享

丁琼, 龚楚清, 陈云华, 赵发琼, 张海波   

  1. 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 湖北 武汉 430072
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25 录用日期:2025-10-29 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 张海波 E-mail:haibozhang@whu.edu.cn Haibo Zhang
  • 基金资助:
    硼簇基光致变色材料的可控制备及其光驱动甲烷转化机制研究，面上项目(22179100)

Experimental sharing on the construction of phase diagrams for partially miscible binary liquid systems

Qiong Ding, Chuqing Gong, Yunhua Chen, Faqiong Zhao, Haibo Zhang   

  1. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2025-08-25 Accepted:2025-10-29 Published:2026-09-01
  • Contact: Haibo Zhang E-mail:haibozhang@whu.edu.cn

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摘要： 在本科生的相图绘制教学中，多数高校常以完全互溶双液系为研究对象，通过测定其不同温度下气液平衡数据绘制相图，以此验证相图理论知识，帮助学生加深对理论内容的理解与掌握。在此教学背景下，本文以异丁酸-蒸馏水部分互溶双液系为研究对象，创新性地提出采用高度法绘制部分互溶双液系相图的实验设计方案。该实验以相图理论中的杠杆规则为核心依据，同时结合折射率法对实验结果进行验证，最终绘制出满意的帽型相图。此外，基于该实验设计构建的模块化教学框架，可灵活适配不同层次的教学需求，通过多元实践路径，有效培养学生的实验设计能力、数据分析能力及解决复杂问题的综合素养。

关键词: 部分互溶双液系, 相图, 杠杆规则, 高度法

Abstract: In undergraduate phase diagram instruction, most institutions conventionally employ completely miscible binary liquid systems as teaching models. These systems involve measuring vapor-liquid equilibrium data at varying temperatures to construct phase diagrams, thereby validating phase diagram theory and enhancing students' conceptual understanding. Within this pedagogical context, our study investigates the partially miscible isobutyric acid and distilled water system, introducing an innovative experimental approach utilizing the height method for phase diagram construction. The experimental design is fundamentally based on the lever rule from phase diagram theory, with refractive index measurements serving as validation, ultimately yielding a well-defined “cap-shaped” phase diagram. Additionally, the modular teaching framework developed from this experimental design demonstrates adaptability to diverse instructional levels. Through multifaceted practical implementations, this approach effectively cultivates students' experimental design capabilities, data analysis skills, and comprehensive problem-solving competencies.

Key words: Partially miscible binary liquid system, Phase diagram, Lever rule, Height method