大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (2): 286-294.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503082

所属专题: 化学科普(2025)

科普 上一篇    下一篇

舌尖上的物理化学

白雨欣, 蒋海英   

  1. 西北大学化学与材料科学学院, 教育部合成与天然功能分子重点实验室, 西安 710127
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20 录用日期:2025-05-22 发布日期:2025-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 蒋海英 E-mail:jianghy@nwu.edu.cn Haiying Jiang
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省线下一流课程建设项目(物理化学)

The Physical Chemistry behind Culinary Delights

Yuxin Bai, Haiying Jiang   

  1. Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
  • Received:2025-03-20 Accepted:2025-05-22 Published:2025-12-27
  • Contact: Haiying Jiang E-mail:jianghy@nwu.edu.cn

摘要: 美食,远不止是味蕾的一场狂欢,它更是物理化学领域的奇妙舞台。当我们沉醉于美食的色、香、味时,其实正经历着一场复杂而又精妙的化学演变。为了深入探究舌尖上的物理化学奥秘,本文从多个关键维度展开研究,味觉感受如何在神经与分子的交互中诞生,食品在储存时发生的微妙变化,烹饪过程中食材的奇妙转变等。通过这些分析,揭示出食品加工和贮藏中各种物理变化的本质规律,旨在帮助读者提升综合分析、预测和模拟复杂食品工程问题的能力。

关键词: 味觉, 表面张力, 渗透压, 相图, 科普

Abstract: Cuisine is far more than just a feast for the taste buds — it represents a fascinating stage where physical chemistry principles come to life. When we savor the color, aroma and flavor of food, we are actually experiencing intricate and sophisticated chemical transformations. To thoroughly explore the physical chemistry behind these gastronomic experiences, this article investigates several key aspects: how taste perception emerges from neural-molecular interactions, the subtle changes occurring during food storage, and the remarkable transformations of ingredients during cooking processes. Through these analyses, we reveal the fundamental principles governing various physical changes in food processing and preservation. Our ultimate goal is to help readers develop stronger capabilities in comprehensively analyzing, predicting and simulating complex food engineering challenges.

Key words: Gustatory perception, Surface tension, Osmotic pressure, Phase diagrams, Popularization of science