关键词: 大学有机化学, 批判性思维, 化学史, 争论案例, 证据分析

Abstract: College organic chemistry is primarily structured around the structure, reactivity, and synthetic transformations of organic molecules, with stereochemistry, conformational analysis, and reaction mechanisms serving as core components. Many of the field’s established conclusions emerged through historical processes involving proposal, debate, revision, and experimental validation. Thoughtfully incorporating controversial episodes from the history of chemistry can help students grasp the experimental evidence and reasoning that underpin textbook conclusions. This paper examines three case studies—the formulation of Werner’s coordination theory, the evolution of cyclohexane conformational understanding, and the controversy surrounding the 2-norbornyl cation—and analyzes their relevance to organic chemistry instruction. These cases illustrate how students can be guided to compare competing interpretations, weigh key evidence, and appreciate the gradual construction of scientific knowledge. Rather than serving merely as historical footnotes, such cases can function as effective classroom tools that bridge content learning and cognitive skill development. Through carefully designed problem-based introductions, model comparisons, and evidence-centered discussions, students can strengthen their ability to analyze chemical problems from an evidence-based perspective while mastering core organic chemistry concepts.

Key words: College organic chemistry, Critical thinking, History of chemistry, Historical controversies, Evidence analysis