在防疫抗疫中大显身手的高分子材料

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202008089

Abstract

Abstract:

Through the introduction of several kinds of polymer materials which play an important role in COVID-19 epidemic prevention, the basic knowledge of the related polymers is popularized. In particular, the unique long-chain structure and excellent properties different from small molecular materials, including light weight, flexibility, easiness in processing, easy regulation of properties, are introduced.

Key words: Medical protection, Polymer materials, Science popularization

Bangkun Jin, Pingping Zhu. Some Distinguished Polymer Materials Used in COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention[J].University Chemistry, 2020, 35(12): 64-70.

Figures/Tables 8

References 13

1	平郑骅; 汪长春. 高分子世界, 上海: 复旦大学出版社,, 2001, 1- 4.
2	潘祖仁. 高分子化学, 增强版北京: 化学工业出版社, 2007.
3	Pourdeyhimi, B.; Maze, B.; Farukh, F.; Silberschmidt, V. V. Structure and Mechanics of Textile Fibre Assemblies, 2nd ed.; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge: UK, 2019, p. 109.
4	杨汝楫. 非织造布概论, 北京: 中国纺织出版社, 1990.
5	赵博. 非织造布, 2010, (18), 6.
6	刘玉军. 纺粘和熔喷非织造布手册, 北京: 中国纺织出版社, 2014.
7	赵永霞. 纺织导报, 2008, (10), 39.
8	一款独特的无纺布科技材料.[2020-08-01]. https://www.dupont.cn/tyvek/what-is-tyvek.html.
9	张静峰. 生活用纸, 2007, (11), 38.
10	徐炽焕. 江苏化工, 2000, (28), 26.
11	郑媛,兰泉,冯红艳,吴炜鹏,朱平平.大学化学, 2021, in press. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202003052
12	陆宝山. 机械研究与应用, 2010, 23, 125.
13	李伯耿; 张明轩; 刘伟峰; 王文俊. 化工进展, 2017, 36, 3135.

无纺布类型	纺粘无纺布(Spunbond)	熔喷无纺布(Meltblown)
生产工艺示意图^[3]
纤维直径^{[4, 5]}	20–25 μm	1–3 μm
高分子结构特征^[6]	分子量大，结晶度较高；连续长丝纤维，取向度较高	分子量较小，结晶度不高；短纤维，长短不一，取向性不强
纤维黏结方式^[6]	热粘合、针刺、水刺	自身热粘合
无纺布性质	孔隙大，但手感不好；力学强度高、断裂伸长率大，耐磨性好	孔隙小、结构蓬松，手感柔软；力学强度低，易碎、耐磨性差

品种	合成方法	分子链结构	分子链示意图	密度/ (g∙cm^-3)	结晶度	力学性能	最高使用温度/℃	数字标识
高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)	Ziegler配位聚合，低压	基本线形，只有少量的短支链		0.94–0.97	85%–95%	强度高、韧性好、刚性强	110–130
低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)	自由基聚合，高压	大量长支链和短支链		0.91–0.935	50%–55%	力学强度较差，延展性好	80–90
线形低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)	Ziegler配位聚合，乙烯与少量α-烯烃的共聚物	没有长支链，短支链数量与LDPE短支链数目相当		0.91–0.94	两者之间	较高的强度和韧性	95–105

材料种类	密度/(g∙cm^-3)	光透过率/%	折射率	缺口冲击值/(J∙cm^-1)
聚碳酸酯PC	1.2	87–89	1.59	800–1000
无机玻璃	2.4–5.2	90–91	1.42–1.92	–

防护用品	种类	主要成分	参考文献
医用手套	乳胶手套	顺-1, 4-聚异戊二烯	[11]
	丁腈手套	丁腈橡胶，丁二烯和丙烯腈共聚物
	聚乙烯手套	聚乙烯
	聚氯乙烯手套	聚氯乙烯
医用输液瓶(袋)	聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯输液瓶(袋)	聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯	[12]
医用输液瓶(袋)	聚烯烃热塑弹性体	二元或三元乙丙橡胶等弹性体与聚丙烯或聚乙烯塑料的共混物	[13]
输液透明软管	聚氯乙烯	同上	[12]
输液透明软管	聚烯烃热塑弹性体	同上	[13]
医用帽、伤口敷布、包扎绷带	各种无纺布		[4, 6]

[1]	Jiamin Zhang, Zhen Fan, Jianzhong Du. Integrated Teaching Method Combining Domestic and International Perspectives: A Case Study on Cultivating Innovative Talents in Polymeric Biomaterials [J]. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(7): 156-160.
[2]	Xuefei Leng, Yanshai Wang, Hai Wang, Shengyang Tao. The In-Depth integration of “Industry-University-Research” in the Exploration and Practice of “Comprehensive Training in Polymer Engineering” [J]. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 66-71.
[3]	Wenjian Zhang, Mengxin Fan, Wenwen Fei, Wei Bai. Cultivation of Critical Thinking Ability: Based on RAFT Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly [J]. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 108-112.
[4]	Xuejun Lai, Anqiang Zhang, Tao Wang, Shuizhu Wu, Guangzhao Zhang. Construction and Practice of the First-Class Undergraduate Education Program for Polymer Materials and Engineering Major Students with “Solid Foundation, Strong Capability and High Potential” [J]. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 119-125.
[5]	Yan Wang, Haolong Li, Chengji Zhao, Zheng Chen, Quan Lin, Yupeng Guo, Jianxin Mu, Kun Liu, Zhong-Yuan Lu, Junqi Sun. Construction Practice of the National First-Class Undergraduate Major in Polymer Materials and Engineering at Jilin University [J]. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 46-53.
[6]	Rui Xu, Wei Li, Tianyi Li. Exploration of Teaching Reform in the Course of “Principles of Chemical Engineering” in the Polymer Materials and Engineering Major [J]. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 54-58.
[7]	Xiaomin Luo, Zhixiong Cai, Xiaobing Liu. The Rise of the Phosphorescent Anti-Counterfeiting Team [J]. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(1): 282-288.
[8]	YanYuan Jia, Rong Rong, Jie Liu, Jing Guo, GuoYu Jiang, Shuo Guo. Unity is Strength, and Independence Shines: A Science Popularization Experiment on AIE and ACQ Effects [J]. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 349-358.
[9]	Yuhang Jiang, Weijie Liu, Jiaqi Cai, Jiayue Chen, Yanping Ren, Pingping Wu, Liulin Yang. A Journey into the Science and Art of Sugar: “Dispersion of Light and Optical Rotation of Matter” Science Popularization Experiment [J]. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 288-294.
[10]	Hongsheng Tang, Yonghe Zhang, Dexiang Wang, Xiaohui Ning, Tianlong Zhang, Yan Li, Hua Li. A Wonderful Journey through the Kingdom of Hazardous Chemicals [J]. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 196-202.
[11]	Borong Yu, Huijiao Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Xiaoying Li, Shuming Chen, Zhangang Han. The Blue Elf in the Dark: Gradient Science Popularization Experiments on Chemiluminescence [J]. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 295-303.
[12]	Hongyan Feng, Weiwei Li. Reflections on the Safety of Chemical Science Popularization Activities [J]. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 379-384.
[13]	Xiaxue Chen, Yuxuan Yang, Ruolin Yang, Yizhu Wang, Hongyun Liu. Adjustable Polychromatic Fluorescence: Investigating the Photoluminescent Properties of Copper Nanoclusters [J]. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 328-337.
[14]	Qin Li, Ziyao Jia, Ye Chen, Mingze Ma, Lin Li, Tao Huang. A Journey into the Enigmatic World of Pickering Emulsion: A Chemical Science Popularization Experiment [J]. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 311-318.
[15]	Xue Qi, Zhihui Wen, Xiaohang Qiu. Design of Chemistry Popular Science Courses for Primary and Secondary School Students across Various Ages under the “Double Reduction” Policy: A Case Study of Nankai University’s Chemistry Science Popularization Base [J]. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 392-400.

Some Distinguished Polymer Materials Used in COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention

RichHTML

PDF

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 8

References 13

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Recommended 0