知甜味百剂，享“甜蜜”人生

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202203082

Abstract

Abstract:

In this article, the types of sweeteners, the functions and efficacy of xylitol and erythritol in sugar alcohol, and the preparation of erythritol are introduced by telling a fictional story about how Miss Sweetener helps young people give up sugar. In the meantime, the shortcomings of sweeteners are elaborated in order to provide some suggestions for human healthy life.

Key words: Sweetener, Xylitol, Erythritol, Efficacy, Popularization of science

Minling Jiang, Tian He, Shouchun Yin. Know the Sweetness and Enjoy the "Sweet" Life[J].University Chemistry, 2022, 37(9): 2203082.

Figures/Tables 4

References 15

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名称	结构式	甜度	稳定性	热量	推荐日摄入量/ADI值	备注
蔗糖 (参照物)		1	长时间加热会分解	1	< 25 g	高热量，摄取过量容易导致肥胖，还会导致蛀牙
木糖醇		1	稳定性高	0.6	< 50 g	具有消炎抗菌、防龋齿等作用，但大量食用会导致腹泻
麦芽糖醇		0.9	稳定性高	0.525	多作为食品添加剂，使用量不作规定	促进钙的吸收，无龋蚀性，但大量食用会导致腹泻
山梨糖醇		0.6	稳定性高	0.65	< 50 g	可用于生产维生素C，也可作为利尿脱水剂，但服用过量会引起腹泻及消化紊乱
赤藓糖醇		0.7	稳定性高	0.05	用于饮料、糖等，最大使用量为3%	人体耐受量最高的糖醇，具有抗氧化活性
甜菊糖苷		250–300	稳定性高	1/300	多作为食品添加剂，按生产需要适量使用	轻微涩味，安全性仍有争议
甘草甜素 (甘草酸)		80–300	稳定性良好	0	多作为食品添加剂，按生产需要适量使用	作为药物，具有抗炎、抗变态反应，对艾滋病病毒具有抑制增殖作用
糖精 (邻苯甲酰磺酰亚胺)		300	稳定性一般	0	0–5 mg?kg^?1	会残留轻微的苦味和金属味，属于3类致癌物
蔗糖素 (三氯蔗糖)		600	稳定性高	0	0–15 mg?kg^?1	不参与代谢，不会引起龋齿，可能会干预肠内细菌与消化酶
甜蜜素 (环己基氨基磺酸钠)		30	稳定性高	0	0–2.5 mg?kg^?1	因甜度不高，容易用量大而导致超标使用，苦后味较低，会危害人的肝脏和神经系统
阿斯巴甜 (天门冬酰苯丙胺酸甲酯)		160–200	高温分解	≈ 0	0–40 mg?kg^?1	存在导致免疫力低下、诱发偏头疼等安全隐患问题，不建议长期过量摄入，苯丙酮尿症患者不适合使用
纽甜		8000	溶液稳定性一般，瞬时高温稳定	≈ 0	0–15 mg?kg^?1	与阿斯巴甜相似，但安全性比较高，可供糖尿病人食用、不致龋齿、可促进双歧杆菌增殖

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Know the Sweetness and Enjoy the "Sweet" Life

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