University Chemistry ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 208-215.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507034

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Suggestions on the Method of Hydrothermal-Solventthermal Synthesis and Their Operation Standards

Min Hu1, Yinghuan Li1, Yanhong Bai1, Yanping Ren2, Juanjuan Song3, Yongxian Fan4, Dongcheng Liu5, Xiuqiong Zeng6, Faqiong Zhao7, Wenwei Zhang8, Mei Shi9, Wan Li10, Xiuyun Wang11, Weihong Li12, Xiaohang Qiu13, Yong Fan14, Jianrong Zhang8, Shuyong Zhang15   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Inner Mongolia Minzu University), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education (Zhejiang University of Technology), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
    5 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Guangxi Normal University), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    10 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    11 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Dalian University of Technology), School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    12 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    13 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    14 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    15 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-07-21 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

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Abstract: Hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis are crucial synthetic techniques, holding particular significance in crystal synthesis and nanomaterial preparation. Conducting hydrothermal-solvothermal synthesis in a standardized manner can enhance the success rate of chemical synthesis, reduce the waste of reagents, prolong the service life of equipment, and lower the risk of accidents. This article mainly introduces the most commonly used external heating autoclave in laboratories, the principles and applicable objects of hydrothermal reactions below 260 °C, as well as the basic operation points and precautions. It also proposes basic operation norms for hydrothermal synthesis to provide a reference for colleagues conducting experimental teaching.

Key words: Chemical experiment, Hydrothermal-solvothermal synthesis, Autoclave, Operation standards