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Divine eye like indigo: Visual tracing of electro-decarboxylative oxidation of ibuprofen

Feixiang Yao1, Yuhao Wang1, Yiqi Guo1, Pengjuan Ni2, Siyuan Liu1   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China;
    2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-24 Accepted:2026-01-07
  • Contact: Pengjuan Ni, Siyuan Liu E-mail:liusy@qlu.edu.cn;mse_nipj@ujn.edu.cn

Abstract: To advance the application of organic electrosynthesis in experimental pedagogy and strengthen the connection between organic chemistry experiments and interdisciplinary practical applications, this study designed a dual-reaction system employing a membrane-divided electrolytic cell based on cutting-edge research. In the anode compartment, oxidative decarboxylation of ibuprofen to ketones was achieved, offering a novel strategy for green structural modification of carboxylic acid drugs. The cathode compartment utilized the progressive color transition of reduced indigo to enable visual monitoring of the anodic reaction progress. The products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), while cyclic voltammetry elucidated the redox properties of key reactants, clearly demonstrating the synergistic mechanism of decarboxylative oxidation and electrochromism. Furthermore, the leuco-indigo generated in the cathode compartment was applied to cotton fabric dyeing, enhancing both the experiment’s engagement and its industry-education integration value. By incorporating multidisciplinary knowledge spanning organic chemistry, electrochemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and dyeing technology, this experiment fosters students’ innovative thinking and interdisciplinary competency, aligning with the Ministry of Education’s “High-End, Innovative, and Challenging” curriculum development initiative.

Key words: Organic electrochemical synthesis, Decarboxylative oxidation, Electrochromic color change of indigo, Visual monitoring, Indigo dyeing