大学化学 >> 2022, Vol. 37 >> Issue (9): 2203097.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202203097

所属专题： 化学科普(2022)

科普 上一篇    下一篇

舌尖上的毒素——河豚毒素

张钰聆1, 张立春2,*()   

  1. 1 四川大学分析测试中心, 成都 610064
    2 四川大学化学学院, 成都 610064
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-31 录用日期:2022-05-23 发布日期:2022-09-02
  • 通讯作者: 张立春 E-mail:zhanglichun@scu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张立春, Email: zhanglichun@scu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    四川大学化学学院2021年度教育教学改革研究项目(202101);四川大学研究生教育教学改革研究项目(GSSCU2021097)

Toxin on the Tip of the Tongue: Tetrodotoxin

Yuling Zhang1, Lichun Zhang2,*()   

  1. 1 Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
    2 College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
  • Received:2022-03-31 Accepted:2022-05-23 Published:2022-09-02
  • Contact: Lichun Zhang E-mail:zhanglichun@scu.edu.cn

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摘要：

河豚文化是我国饮食文化史上不可忽视的精彩篇章，河豚体内含有的河豚毒素作为一种强效的非蛋白质神经毒素，主要是通过对电压门控钠通道的高度选择性阻断起作用。河豚毒素是最为致命的毒素之一，人体摄入极低剂量(1.5–2.0 mg)便会致死，但目前发现在远低于LD50水平给药时，河豚毒素展现出对神经性疼痛、癌症相关疼痛和毒品戒断等独特的治疗特性。本文简述河豚毒素结构的解析过程，并简要介绍了作用机制和未来在医疗上的应用前景。

关键词: 河豚毒素, 神经毒素, 钠通道

Abstract:

Pufferfish culture is a wonderful chapter in the history of China's food culture. Tetrodotoxin, which is present in the body of pufferfish, is a powerful non-protein neurotoxin that mainly acts through highly selective blockage of the voltage-gated sodium channel. Tetrodotoxin is one of the deadliest toxins, with a lethal dose range of 1.5–2.0 mg. However, tetrodotoxin has been found to exhibit unique therapeutic properties for the treatment of neuropathic pain, cancer-related pain, and drug withdrawal when administered well below LD50 levels. This paper briefly describes the analytical process for the structure of tetrodotoxin and introduces its action mechanism and future application prospects in medical treatment.

Key words: Tetrodotoxin, Neurotoxin, Sodium channel