大学化学 >> 2022, Vol. 37 >> Issue (12): 2209063.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202209063

所属专题： 第54届国际化学奥林匹克专刊

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硫：古老元素的新征程——第54届国际化学奥林匹克试题第4题解析

李姝1,*(), 邱晓航2, 王颖霞3, 程方益2   

  1. 1 南开大学材料科学与工程学院, 天津 300350
    2 南开大学化学学院, 天津 300071
    3 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-23 录用日期:2022-10-09 发布日期:2022-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 李姝 E-mail:shuli@nankai.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李姝，Email: shuli@nankai.edu.cn

A New Journey for Ancient Sulfur: Analysis of Problem 4 of the 54th International Chemistry Olympiad

Shu Li1,*(), Xiaohang Qiu2, Yingxia Wang3, Fangyi Cheng2   

  1. 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
    2 College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
    3 College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2022-09-23 Accepted:2022-10-09 Published:2022-10-25
  • Contact: Shu Li E-mail:shuli@nankai.edu.cn

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摘要：

硫是一种储量丰富、价格低廉的化工原料，其作为电池正极材料的理论比容量高达1675 mAh∙g−1。因此，锂硫电池被认为是未来储能领域中最具应用前景的一类设备。第54届国际化学奥林匹克试题第4题以锂硫电池应用研究中的前沿问题为主线，引导学生了解了锂硫电池的基本化学原理、迷人的应用前景和实际应用的一些科学挑战，考查内容涵盖锂与含硫物质间的化学反应、返滴定法、化学平衡、电化学、物料及电荷守恒等相关知识点。

关键词: 锂硫电池, 碘量法, 多硫离子, 化学平衡, Hess定律

Abstract:

Sulfur is an abundant and inexpensive chemical substance. As cathode material for battery, the theoretical specific capacity of sulfur is as high as 1675 mAh∙g−1. Therefore, lithium-sulfur battery is considered to be one of the most promising devices in the field of energy storage in the future. The problem 4 of the 54th International Chemistry Olympiad takes the frontier research of lithium-sulfur batteries as the main line, and guides students to understand the working principle, fascinating application prospect and some scientific challenges for practical applications of lithium-sulfur batteries. The inspection content covers the chemical reactions between lithium and sulfur-containing substance, back titration, chemical equilibrium, electrochemistry, material and charge conservation.

Key words: Lithium sulfur batteries, Iodimetry, Polysulfuride, Chemical equilibrium, Hess law