大学化学 >> 2023, Vol. 38 >> Issue (4): 116-123.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202211071

所属专题： 第3届全国大学生化学实验创新设计竞赛

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走进奇妙的分子聚集态世界——渗透扩散及表面张力的魅力

李洋, 陆心宇, 张湘川兰, 宋知远, 徐庆红()   

  • 收稿日期:2022-11-23 录用日期:2023-01-04 发布日期:2023-03-21
  • 通讯作者: 徐庆红 E-mail:xuqh@mail.buct.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:第一联系人：

    †共同第二作者，对本文工作同等贡献

Entering the Wonderful World of Molecular Aggregation: The Appeal of Permeation Diffusion and Surface Tension

Yang Li, Xinyu Lu, Xiangchuanlan Zhang, Zhiyuan Song, Qinghong Xu()   

  • Received:2022-11-23 Accepted:2023-01-04 Published:2023-03-21
  • Contact: Qinghong Xu E-mail:xuqh@mail.buct.edu.cn

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摘要：

化学世界丰富多彩。认识多姿、多彩的材料形成过程，揭示产物生成的奥秘，通过对宏观化学现象的观察，推测产物生长的微观过程，增强学生对化学的学习兴趣，是化学实验教学的主要目的之一。本实验以“界面反应”为切入点，以多彩多姿分子聚集体为目标产物，通过自主设计的反应器，以多孔陶瓷砂芯为隔离层，利用渗透和扩散效应、表面张力及界面反应机理，在砂芯表面可控形成白色、蓝色、绿色、粉色等多彩中空纤维状及珊瑚礁状等多姿的分子聚集体。本科普实验方法安全、新颖、简单，现象明显，具有很高的观赏性，旨在达到在探索微观世界形成过程中发现化学无穷魅力，认识“美丽化学”“奇妙化学”的真实内涵，激发学生对化学学科学习热情之目的。

关键词: 分子聚集体, 界面反应, 渗透扩散, 表面张力, 美丽化学

Abstract:

The chemical world is abundant and diverse. One of the main purposes of laboratory teaching is revealing the mystery of product generation, speculating the micro process of product growth through the observation of macro chemical phenomena, and enhancing students' interest in chemistry, to deepen students' understanding of various chemical synthesis processes. In this experiment, the colorful molecular aggregates were taken as the target products to create an "interface reaction" in a self-designed reactor. The colorful (such as white, blue, green and pink) molecular aggregates with hollow tubular and coral reef-like structures were prepared on the surface of a ceramic core based on permeation and diffusion effects, surface tension, and the interfacial reaction mechanism. The method of this popular science experiment is safe, novel, and simple. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of this experiment is obvious with high ornamental value. The objective of discovering the utility and appeal of chemistry and stimulating students' enthusiasm for learning chemistry in the process of exploring the formation of the micro world will be realized.

Key words: Molecular aggregate, Interface reaction, Penetration and diffusion, Surface tension, Beauty of chemistry