大学化学 >> 2024, Vol. 39 >> Issue (4): 54-61.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310130

所属专题： 化学实验教学和管理(2023)

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探索3E方法在教学实验室负面清单管理制度中的应用

兰景凤, 吴莉, 陆广农, 杨柳, 李小龙, 徐向阳, 沈永雯, 俞娥   

  1. 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(兰州大学), 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-31 修回日期:2024-01-11 发布日期:2024-01-31
  • 通讯作者: 兰景凤 E-mail:lanjf@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    仪器分析实验(检测化学实验)(JXGG-2021222115)

Application of 3E Method in the Negative List Management System in Teaching Laboratory

Jingfeng Lan, Li Wu, Guangnong Lu, Liu Yang, Xiaolong Li, Xiangyang Xu, Yongwen Shen, E Yu   

  1. National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2023-10-31 Revised:2024-01-11 Published:2024-01-31

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摘要： 高校化学教学实验室内存在很多危险因素，管理方法和技术手段采用不当会引起师生受伤，进而影响实验教学的正常进行。负面清单管理制度可简明扼要地将各种实验教学和实验室管理过程中发现的问题进行归纳总结，做好负面清单的整理和持续改进是强化高校化学实验教学实验室安全管理的有效方法之一。本文在总结现阶段高校化学实验教学实验室的各种影响因素的基础上，形成有针对性的负面清单，开展有针对性的实验室安全教育和培训E (education)、采取有效的实验室工程技术安全措施E (engineering)、强化实验室安全强制措施E (enforcement)，形成了3E方法与负面清单管理制度相结合的化学教学实验室安全模式。该制度的可持续发展模式在化学教学实验室管理中收获良好效果，为高校化学教学实验室安全管理提供参考。

关键词: 负面清单管理制度, 安全教育和培训, 工程技术安全措施, 安全强制措施, 化学实验室

Abstract: There are numerous hazards present in university chemistry teaching laboratories. Improper implementation of management methods and technical measures can result in injuries to both teachers and students, consequently disrupting the normal flow of experimental teaching. The negative list management system allows for a concise and comprehensive summary of issues encountered during various experimental teaching and laboratory management processes. Proper organization and continuous improvement of the negative list is one effective approach to strengthening the safety management of chemistry teaching laboratories in universities. This article, based on an analysis of the various factors impacting current university chemistry teaching laboratories, establishes a targeted negative list. It also promotes targeted laboratory safety education and training, the implementation of effective laboratory engineering and technical safety measures, and the reinforcement of mandatory laboratory safety measures. This approach, combined with the 3E method, forms a chemistry teaching laboratory safety model. The sustained development of this model, in conjunction with the negative list management system, has yielded positive results in the management of chemistry teaching laboratories and serves as a valuable reference for the safety management of such laboratories in universities.

Key words: Negative list management system, Safety education and training, Engineering and technical safety measures, Security enforcement measures, Chemical laboratory