大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (8): 368-375.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412001

化学史 上一篇    下一篇

酸碱理论的发展历程

陈宇豪, 程卓, 胡其俊, 裴坚   

  1. 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-02 录用日期:2025-01-15 发布日期:2025-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 裴坚 E-mail:jianpei@pku.edu.cn

The Story of Acid-Base Theory

Yuhao Chen, Zhuo Cheng, Qijun Hu, Jian Pei   

  1. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2024-12-02 Accepted:2025-01-15 Published:2025-07-19
  • Contact: Jian Pei E-mail:jianpei@pku.edu.cn

摘要: 从17世纪酸碱理论的提出,到当今社会已经有四百多年了,人们对于酸碱的认识和探索是一个漫长的过程。起初,化学家们尝试去定义酸碱以及酸碱反应。其后又提出了酸碱电离理论、酸碱溶剂理论、Brønsted-Lowry酸碱理论、Lewis酸碱理论以及软硬酸碱理论等等,它们相互联系和补充,提高了人们对酸碱本质的认识,推动了化学学科的发展。

关键词: Lewis酸碱理论, 酸碱电离, 受阻酸碱对

Abstract: It has been over four hundred years since the proposal of acid-base theory in the 17th century. The understanding and exploration of acids and bases have been an extensive process. Initially, chemists sought to define acids, bases, and acid-base reactions. So far, several theories have been proposed, including the acid-base ionization theory, acid-base solvent theory, Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory, Lewis acid-base theory, and the soft and hard acid-base theory. These theories are interrelated and complementary, deepening the understanding of the nature of acids and bases and fostering the development of chemistry.

Key words: Lewis acid-base theory, Acid-base ionization, Hindered acid-base pair