大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (6): 343-352.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504006

化学实验 上一篇    

表面活性剂调控的溶胶制备——物理化学实验的新设计与教学实践

刘紫瑶1, 汲晓丽1, 付雯雯1, 汤旻皓2, 赵倩1, 杨雅涵1, 马莹1, 李洪光1   

  1. 1 山东大学化学与化工学院, 山东 济南 250100;
    2 山东大学泰山学堂, 山东 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01 录用日期:2025-07-28 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 李洪光 E-mail:hgli@sdu.edu.cn Hongguang Li
  • 基金资助:
    山东大学本科教育教学改革研究项目(2024Y121)；山东大学泰山学堂学生科研训练项目

Surfactant-mediated sol preparation: an innovative design and teaching practice in physical chemistry experiments

Ziyao Liu1, Xiaoli Ji1, Wenwen Fu1, Minhao Tang2, Qian Zhao1, Yahan Yang1, Ying Ma1, Hongguang Li1   

  1. 1 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China;
    2 Taishan College, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Accepted:2025-07-28 Published:2026-06-18
  • Contact: Hongguang Li E-mail:hgli@sdu.edu.cn

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摘要： 溶胶的制备在中学时代便已被学生所了解，本科阶段，它进一步成为物理化学的一个经典实验。在以往设计中，存在制备方法过于简单、结构与性能表征单薄、应用设计缺位等问题，与学科前沿的快速发展不相适应。近年的教学实践中，我们对原有实验进行了改进。一方面弃去了原实验中部分陈旧内容，同时使整个实验过程更加绿色环保；另一方面，在制备过程中引入表面活性剂调控胶体颗粒的生长，增加了胶体材料的结构与性能表征，并以水凝胶添加剂为例，探讨了所制备的胶体颗粒在软物质结构调节方面的应用。改进后，实验跨度大，综合性强，知识联结度高，便于学生拓宽视野，深刻洞察胶体材料的构效关系，提高基础知识综合运用能力与综合实验技能，加深对胶体体系的认识与思考。

关键词: 溶胶, 物理化学, 表面活性剂, 水凝胶, 软物质

Abstract: Sol preparation has been introduced as a fundamental concept since secondary education and subsequently developed into a classical physical chemistry experiment at the undergraduate level. However, traditional experimental designs have exhibited several limitations, including oversimplified preparation methods, inadequate structural and performance characterization of colloids, and insufficient consideration of practical applications, failing to keep pace with rapid advancements in the field. In our recent teaching practice, we have implemented significant improvements to this experiment. Firstly, we eliminated obsolete components while enhancing the environmental sustainability of the experimental procedure. More importantly, we incorporated surfactant-mediated control of colloidal particle growth during preparation, expanded the characterization methods for colloidal materials, and demonstrated their application in soft matter structural modulation using hydrogel additives as an example. The redesigned experiment features extended scope, enhanced comprehensiveness, and improved knowledge integration, enabling students to broaden their perspectives, gain deeper insights into structure-property relationships of colloidal materials, develop comprehensive experimental skills, and strengthen their understanding of colloidal systems.

Key words: Colloid, Physical chemistry, Surfactant, Hydrogel, Soft matter