大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (7): 274-281.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505051

化学实验 上一篇    

基于综合能力培养的物理化学实验教学设计——以“液相反应平衡常数的测定”实验为例

周丽, 马玉林, 刘巧红, 颜美, 杜耘辰   

  1. 哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(哈尔滨工业大学), 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18 录用日期:2025-07-29 发布日期:2026-06-27
  • 通讯作者: 颜美, 杜耘辰 E-mail:yunchendu@hit.edu.cn;yanmei@hit.edu.cn Mei Yan, Yunchen Du
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省一流本科课程建设项目(物理化学实验B);黑龙江省教育科学规划度重点课题(GJB1423128);黑龙江省高等教学改革一般研究项目(SJGY20220053,SJGYB2024024)

Design of physical chemistry experiment based on comprehensive ability training: a case study of “determination of liquid-phase reaction equilibrium constant”

Li Zhou, Yulin Ma, Qiaohong Liu, Mei Yan, Yunchen Du   

  1. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Harbin Institute of Technology), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2025-05-18 Accepted:2025-07-29 Published:2026-06-27
  • Contact: Mei Yan, Yunchen Du E-mail:yunchendu@hit.edu.cn;yanmei@hit.edu.cn

PDF

204

赞

摘要： 以全面提升学生的综合能力为目标，对验证性物理化学实验进行教学设计，建立了“理论奠基→实践验证→反哺理论”的探究式实验教学模式，并通过与科研训练深度融合，将能力培养贯穿于实验的每一个环节。本文以“液相反应平衡常数的测定”实验为例，以HNO3溶液代替水作为溶剂配制Fe(NO3)3和KSCN起始溶液，用“减半法”配制Fe(NO3)3反应溶液，通过考察离子强度、反应物浓度、H+浓度及温度对平衡常数的影响，拓展了实验内容的深度和广度，增强了实验的挑战度和综合性。在有限的课堂时间内，有效提升了学生的科学思维与创新能力，增强了交流沟通和团队协作能力，为学生综合素养的提升与全面发展奠定了坚实基础。

关键词: 离子强度, 减半法, 平衡常数, 创新人才培养

Abstract: This study aims to enhance students’ comprehensive abilities through innovative teaching design for confirmatory physical chemistry experiments. We established an inquiry-based teaching model following the sequence of “theoretical foundation → experimental verification → theoretical feedback”, while integrating research training throughout all experimental phases. Using the “determination of liquid-phase reaction equilibrium constant” experiment as an example, we implemented several methodological improvements: employing HNO3 solution instead of water as the solvent for preparing initial Fe(NO3)3 and KSCN solutions, and adopting the “half-amount method” for preparing Fe(NO3)3 reaction solutions. The experimental design systematically investigated the effects of ionic strength, reactant concentration, [H+] concentration, and temperature on equilibrium constants, thereby expanding both the depth and breadth of the experimental content. This enhanced approach significantly increased the experiment’s challenge level and comprehensiveness. Within limited classroom hours, it effectively fostered students’ scientific thinking and innovation capabilities while strengthening their communication and teamwork skills, thereby laying a solid foundation for their overall quality improvement and comprehensive development.

Key words: Ionic strength, Half-amount method, Equilibrium constant, Innovative talent cultivation