大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (7): 334-341.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506029

化学实验 上一篇    

基于科教融合的综合实验设计：三维石墨烯水/气凝胶的制备及性能研究

王丹丹1,2, 刘晓婉1, 刘方鑫1, 白啸1, 郭丽华1, 刘鹏1, 冯媛媛1, 公培伟1   

  1. 1 曲阜师范大学化学与化工学院, 山东 曲阜 273165;
    2 曲阜师范大学教育学院, 山东 曲阜 273165
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-03 录用日期:2025-09-08 发布日期:2026-06-27
  • 通讯作者: 冯媛媛, 公培伟 E-mail:gongpeiwei10@mails.ucas.ac.cn;fengyy@qfnu.edu.cn Yuanyuan Feng, Peiwei Gong
  • 基金资助:
    山东省优质专业学位教学案例库项目(SDYAL2022088);山东省本科教学改革研究重点项目(Z2021110,Z2022024);曲阜师范大学教学改革项目(SJG202530,SYJ202128,2023jg24)

Comprehensive experiment design based on science-education integration: synthesis and performance study of three-dimensional graphene hydrogel/aerogel

Dandan Wang1,2, Xiaowan Liu1, Fangxin Liu1, Xiao Bai1, Lihua Guo1, Peng Liu1, Yuanyuan Feng1, Peiwei Gong1   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong Province, China;
    2 School of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-03 Accepted:2025-09-08 Published:2026-06-27
  • Contact: Yuanyuan Feng, Peiwei Gong E-mail:gongpeiwei10@mails.ucas.ac.cn;fengyy@qfnu.edu.cn

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摘要： 从科教融合角度出发，结合多年的实践教学经验，本论文设计了三维石墨烯水凝胶和气凝胶的综合实验。选用氧化石墨烯与抗坏血酸钠为反应物，利用一步水热自组装法快速合成三维网络结构的石墨烯水凝胶，经真空冷冻干燥后获得石墨烯气凝胶，并用透射电镜、扫描电镜、红外及紫外分光光度计对其结构和组成进行表征。在此基础上，系统研究并归纳抗坏血酸钠还原氧化石墨烯的反应原理、水凝胶的形成机理，探讨反应容器对于水凝胶形貌和宏观结构的影响，考察反应物浓度对石墨烯水凝胶、气凝胶承重性能的影响。本实验将当前的科研热点与实验教学紧密结合，包括材料设计合成、结构与化学组成表征、性能测试三方面的内容，实验原理明晰、研究内容丰富、难度层层递进，具有较强的综合性和可设计性，有利于培养学生的实验技能、提升其科研素养，锻炼其深入思考问题和解决问题的能力。

关键词: 三维石墨烯水凝胶, 水热自组装, 形貌控制, 综合实验, 科教融合

Abstract: Integrating scientific research with education and building upon years of practical teaching experience, we designed a comprehensive experiment involving three-dimensional graphene hydrogels and aerogels. Using graphene oxide and sodium ascorbate as reactants, we synthesized three-dimensional network-structured graphene hydrogels through a one-step hydrothermal self-assembly method, subsequently obtaining graphene aerogels via vacuum freeze-drying. The materials’ structure and composition were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and UV-Visible spectrophotometry. We systematically investigated the reduction mechanism of graphene oxide by sodium ascorbate and the hydrogel formation process, while examining how reaction vessels affect hydrogel morphology and macroscopic structure. The study also evaluated the influence of reactant concentration on the load-bearing capacity of both graphene hydrogels and aerogels. This experiment effectively bridges current research frontiers with teaching practice, encompassing material synthesis, structural characterization, and performance evaluation. With clear principles, progressively challenging content, and strong comprehensiveness, it effectively enhances students’ experimental skills, fosters scientific literacy, and develops their problem-solving capabilities through in-depth thinking.

Key words: 3D graphene hydrogels, Hydrothermal self-assembly, Morphology control, Comprehensive experiment, Science-education integration