氢氟酸的实验室安全管理与标准操作规程

doi:10.12461/PKU.DXHX202604093

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氢氟酸广泛应用于工业、实验室及部分家庭场景，其由氟离子引发的特殊危险性与健康危害常被低估，尤其低浓度使用时的认知偏差易诱发安全事故。本研究从其理化性质切入，重点探究安全健康风险、毒性机制及典型事故成因。针对我国相关法规标准不完善、监管缺位、管理体系存在漏洞等问题，借鉴国外先进管理规范和实践，提出在现有危险化学品管理制度框架下，由机构安全管理部门主导，建立氢氟酸专项管理规范与标准操作规程，并将其纳入化学品管理计划。这对实现氢氟酸本质安全管理、保障实验室及相关场所安全运行具有重要现实意义。

关键词: 氢氟酸, 毒性, 职业风险, 实验室安全, 标准操作规程

Abstract: Hydrofluoric acid is widely used in industry, laboratory research, and some household scenarios. The special hazards and serious health risks caused by fluoride ions are usually underestimated, especially when handling low-concentration solutions, which can easily trigger safety accidents. This research starts from the physical and chemical properties of hydrofluoric acid, and focuses on its safety and health risks, toxicity mechanism and typical accident causation. In view of the problems of imperfect laws and regulations, lack of supervision and loopholes in management system currently, some foreign management standards and practices are systematically studied. This paper proposes that under the framework of the existing hazardous chemicals management system, special management standards and standard operating procedures for hydrofluoric acid should be established by the institutional safety management department and incorporated into current chemical management plans. It is of great practical significance for achieving the intrinsic safety management of hydrofluoric acid and ensuring the safe operation of laboratories and related sites.

Key words: Hydrofluoric acid, Toxicity, Occupational risk, Laboratory safety, Standardized operating procedures

陈小娟, 瞿俊雄, 陈六平, 李厚金. 氢氟酸的实验室安全管理与标准操作规程[J]. 大学化学, 2026, (): 2604093.

Xiaojuan Chen, Junxiong Qu, Liuping Chen, Houjin Li. Laboratory safety management and standardized operating procedures for hydrofluoric acid[J]. University Chemistry, 2026, (): 2604093.

链接本文: https://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.12461/PKU.DXHX202604093

https://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V/I/2604093

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