大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (6): 18-23.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202605042

所属专题： 化学“101计划”案例

专题 上一篇    

从定性到定量：以偶极矩和极化率为例——化学“101计划”普通化学教学案例

杨娟   

  1. 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-13 录用日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 杨娟 E-mail:yang_juan@pku.edu.cn Juan Yang

From qualitative to quantitative taking dipole moment and polarizability as examples: a case of general chemistry in the Chemistry “101 Plan”

Juan Yang   

  1. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2026-05-13 Accepted:2026-05-15 Published:2026-06-18
  • Contact: Juan Yang E-mail:yang_juan@pku.edu.cn

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摘要： 介绍一个化学“101计划”普通化学教学案例——“从定性到定量：以偶极矩和极化率为例”。本案例以化学中两个非常重要且相互关联的概念：分子极性的量度——偶极矩和电子云易变形程度的量度——极化率为例，阐述化学研究是如何从定性向定量发展的，从而引导学生建立定量思维。定量化模型的建立有助于理解现象背后的深层机制，定量研究方法也推动了科学研究的标准化进程，促进了可重复的科学规范的发展。

关键词: 化学“101计划”, 普通化学, 教学案例, 偶极矩, 极化率, 定量思维

Abstract: This article is a case of the General Chemistry textbook in the Chemistry “101 Plan”, titled “From Qualitative to Quantitative: Taking Dipole Moment and Polarizability as Examples”. This teaching case uses two very important and interrelated concepts in chemistry: dipole moment, a measure of molecular polarity, and polarizability, a measure of the degree of electron cloud distortion, as examples to illustrate how chemical research has evolved from qualitative to quantitative approaches, thereby guiding students to develop quantitative thinking. The establishment of quantitative models helps to understand the underlying mechanisms of phenomena, and quantitative research methods have promoted the standardization process of research and the development of repeatable scientific norms.

Key words: Chemistry“101 Plan”, General Chemistry, Teaching cases, Dipole moment, Polarizability, Quantitative thinking