重碱土金属元素d轨道参与形成化学键

doi:10.12461/PKU.DXHX202604013

Abstract

Abstract: As typical main-group elements, alkaline earth metals predominantly exist in compounds with their characteristic +II oxidation state. Recent advances in low-valent main-group chemistry have generated significant interest and resulted in numerous unusual compounds containing beryllium and magnesium in low oxidation states (0 and +I). However, analogous compounds of heavier alkaline earth metals remain scarce due to their diminished second ionization energies. This review summarizes and discusses recent spectroscopic investigations of heavy alkaline earth metals (Ca, Sr, and Ba) in cryogenic matrices and supersonic molecular beams, emphasizing their ability to form 18-electron saturated complexes resembling those of transition metals. Theoretical analyses reveal that the relatively low energy of (n-1) d orbitals in heavy alkaline earth metals significantly promotes the formation of such species. These findings collectively establish the transition-metal-like characteristics of heavy alkaline earth metals, advancing our comprehension of periodic trends and offering novel perspectives for structural chemistry, syntheticchemistry, and catalysis.

Key words: Alkaline earth metal, d Orbitals, Transitional metal, 18-Electron rule, Main group element

Guanjun Wang, Jiaye Jin, Chuankun Li. The role of d orbitals in heavy alkaline earth metal chemical bonding[J].University Chemistry, 2026, (): 2604013.

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The role of d orbitals in heavy alkaline earth metal chemical bonding

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