分析化学中的选择性及提高选择性策略的探讨

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202111012

Abstract

Abstract:

The selectivity is one basic parameter for evaluating analytical method. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) clearly recommends that the selectivity refers to the extent to which the method can be used to determine particular analytes in mixtures or matrices without interferences from other components of similar behavior. However, its definition and quantitation have still remained open questions. Here, the selectivity on the intrinsic characteristics (definitions), the types of interferences, and the estimation of sensitivity are discussed. Some strategies to improve the selectivity are summarized.

Key words: Selectivity, Interferences, Selectivity coefficient, Chemical measurement

Liang Shi, Honglan Qi, Lu Zhang, Chengxiao Zhang. Discussion on the Definition and Improving Strategies of Selectivity in Analytical Chemistry[J].University Chemistry, 2022, 37(12): 2111012.

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References 32

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影响程度	样品类型	样品数目	样品中分析物的相似性	分析物数目	分析物浓度	分析物间的相似性
低	白色	几个	不同	一个	高	低
中	灰色
高	黑色	许多	相似	许多	痕量	高

方法/技术	选择性参数	相关计算公式	文献
离子选择电极电位法	电位选择性系数k_ij	$ E\text{=}\text{常数}\text{±}\frac{RT}{{n}_{\text{i}}F} $ $ \text{ln(}{\text{a}}_{\text{i}}\text{+}\sum {k}_{\text{ij}}{a}_{\text{j}}^{{n}_{\text{i}}/{n}_{\text{j}}}\text{)} $	[6, 8]
免疫法	相对交叉反应性百分比(CR)	$ \text{CR = (I}{\text{C}}_{\text{50}}^{\text{s}}\text{/I}{\text{C}}_{\text{50}}^{\text{CR}}\text{) × 100} $	[16]
非色谱分离法	分离因子α_i/j	$ {\text{α}}_{\text{i}/\text{j}}\text{=}\frac{{K}_{\text{D}}^{\text{A}}}{{K}_{\text{D}}^{\text{B}}} $	[16]
色谱分离法	分离度R_S	$ {R}_{\text{S}}\text{=}\frac{\Delta t}{\text{2(}{W}_{\text{A}}\text{+}{\text{}W}_{\text{B}}\text{)}}\text{=}\frac{d}{\text{2(}{W}_{\text{A}}\text{+}{\text{}W}_{\text{B}}\text{)}} $	[16]
光分析/电流法	选择性参数K_IJ = $ \frac{{S}_{\text{I}}}{{S}_{\text{J}}} $ 干扰比c_JI = $ \frac{{c}_{\text{J}}}{{c}_{\text{I}}} $	$ Y\text{=}{S}_{\text{I}}{c}_{\text{I}}\text{+}{\text{}S}_{\text{J}}{c}_{\text{J}} $	本文

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Discussion on the Definition and Improving Strategies of Selectivity in Analytical Chemistry

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