Abstract: Olefin metathesis, a revolutionary chemical technology, enables modular and precise molecular synthesis through metal-carbene-catalyzed cleavage and reorganization of carbon-carbon double bonds. This reaction has demonstrated significant applications in pharmaceutical research, advanced material synthesis, and green chemistry, earning the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2005. Future developments in catalytic systems, combined with advancements in artificial intelligence and biological integration, will further propel olefin metathesis in sustainable manufacturing and molecular science frontiers, profoundly transforming humanity’s approach to molecular design.

Key words: Olefin metathesis, Metal carbene, Catalytic chemistry, Molecular science