Abstract: Humidity sensors with power generation capabilities combine energy harvesting and sensing functions, demonstrating significant potential for environmental monitoring, food quality assessment, wearable electronics, and healthcare applications. To promote the integration of scientific research with undergraduate education, we have developed a primary battery-structured humidity sensor as a comprehensive inquiry-based experiment, carefully designed to meet undergraduate teaching requirements regarding safety protocols, cost-effectiveness, time efficiency, and educational objectives. The experimental module encompasses four key components: (1) sensor fabrication, (2) active layer morphological characterization, (3) humidity-sensing performance evaluation, and (4) respiratory monitoring applications. This pedagogical approach achieves three-dimensional integration: combining theoretical knowledge with practical implementation, aligning experimental content with educational objectives, and bridging cutting-edge research with laboratory instruction. The experiment effectively enhances students' scientific competencies and innovative thinking while stimulating their research interests and fostering an exploratory mindset toward scientific inquiry.

Key words: Science-education integration, Humidity sensor, Energy harvesting, Primary battery structure, Respiratory monitoring