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2026 Vol. 41,No. 4Published:24 April 2026
Study and Reform of Chemical Education
  • Design and Application of Advanced Digital Teaching Mode Based on Cultivating Innovative Talents in Inorganic Chemistry
  • Shilei Ding, Hongmiao Huang, Hang Dai, Xu Feng
  • In order to meet the national demand for cultivating top-notch innovative talents, break through the traditional “three center” teaching mode, and combine the convenience of digital learning, advanced teaching reforms are proposed, adhering to teacher guidance and analyzing key and difficult points, and innovating to enhance students' ability to analyze and solve problems. This article takes “buffer solution” in pharmaceutical chemistry as an example to analyze in advanced teaching. Combined with digital, a “three line integrated” teaching mode is established to reduce students' learning difficulty and cultivate their innovation ability and awareness. This teaching model attempts to break through the student-centered teaching transformation and contribute to the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents and the implementation of digital education.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 1-7. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505081
  • Construction and Teaching Practice of Surface & Interface Chemistry Module in Fundamental Chemistry Experiments
  • Yihui Dong, Xiaoyun Hu, Zijing Guo, Yue Liu, Wei Li, Zhihui Dai
  • To align with the demand for cultivating students' practical and innovative capabilities under the paradigm of emerging engineering education, this study addresses the insufficient coverage of surface and interface chemistry in fundamental chemistry laboratory courses. A pedagogical framework based on the “Three-Orientation and Three-Connection” principle is proposed, establishing a systematic experimental teaching module for surface and interface chemistry. Special emphasis is placed on the strategic integration of advanced characterization techniques and corresponding curriculum design. This work provides a transferable model for the seamless incorporation of surface and interface chemistry experiments into foundational laboratory courses, demonstrating significant practical value in enhancing students' ability to employ modern analytical instrumentation to solve real-world problems, thereby fostering the development of innovative, interdisciplinary talent through the integration of scientific research and education.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 8-14. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506039
  • Bilingual Instruction in First-Year Fundamental Chemistry Laboratories to Support Top Talents Development
  • Wan Li, Simin Fang, Haozhe Zha, Amirabbas Mosallanezhad, Juncheng Chen
  • This paper systematically summarizes the practical experience of implementing bilingual instruction in two fundamental laboratory courses: “General Chemistry Laboratory” and “Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory”. By incorporating advanced pedagogy, experiments, and teaching methods from abroad, the two courses emphasize the integration of basic experimental techniques and cutting-edge teaching contents. A novel teaching model combining “experimental skills + English proficiency + creativity” has been developed, providing new pathways to enhance research literacy in first-year undergraduates and top talents development.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 23-29. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505055
  • Construction of AI-Enhanced Inorganic Chemistry Course and Its Teaching Practice
  • Xiaoguang Sang, Jinxia Wang, Zhongmin Feng, Wei Zheng, Xia Zhang
  • The Inorganic Chemistry serves as a fundamental course for the students majoring in science and engineering at Northeastern University, playing an indispensable role in cultivating chemical professional foundations and cultural competencies. Collaborating with the AI4E team from Xuetang Online, our course team has leveraged comprehensive digital resources, including national first-class online courses and self-compiled textbooks. Through the application of deep learning technology, we have developed a specialized course knowledge base, constructed a knowledge graph, and established effective connections between theoretical knowledge, textbook content, video explanations, and self-assessment exercises. The implementation of a 24-hour intelligent learning companion provides students with continuous self-learning support. Meanwhile, AI teaching assistants offer personalized knowledge explanations and exercise tests based on individual student needs, thereby enhancing self-directed learning capabilities. The resource search function precisely recommends learning materials, broadening students' academic perspectives. Educators can utilize intelligent lesson preparation assistants and one-click question generation tools to enrich their instructional designs. Furthermore, the integration of AI learning companions with Rain Classroom software has diversified course teaching methodologies. The incorporation of AI technology enables instructors to monitor students' learning progress, promptly adjust teaching strategies, optimize instructional processes, and ultimately enhance course effectiveness.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 30-37. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506026
  • Reconstruction of Green Chemistry Curriculum Based on Cutting-Edge Literature from the Perspective of Research-Informed Teaching
  • Zhenzhen Huang, Ying Zhang, Renguo Xie
  • This study centers on the core concept of research-informed teaching. By systematically screening high-impact journal articles, a cutting-edge literature resource database has been established, achieving real-time integration of teaching content with disciplinary frontiers. The curriculum reconstruction significantly effectively enhances students' capacity to apply cutting-edge knowledge to practical problem-solving. Simultaneously, it effectively strengthens their interdisciplinary proficiency, offering a valuable practical exploration for cultivating high-quality, innovative talents that align with the demands of the “dual carbon” strategy.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 38-44. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506056
  • Practical Exploration of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Experiment Teaching Reform Empowered by Artificial Intelligence
  • Haiyuan Wang, Xiaoning Jin, Yajing Sun, Zhen Zhang, Wentao Zhao, Yi Li
  • In the context of digital transformation in higher education, this study, based on the New Engineering Education Paradigm, addresses the challenges in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) experiment teaching. A novel pedagogical model has been developed, characterized by the integration of virtual and physical elements, AI-driven innovation, and value-oriented guidance. By incorporating immersive virtual dissection technology and intelligent optimization algorithms with cutting-edge research projects, the proposed approach aims to concretize theoretical knowledge, systematize experimental procedures, and advance scientific thinking. This model offers an innovative educational framework for cultivating top-tier chemistry talent.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 45-51. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505076
  • Construction of a Practical Teaching System for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Programs in Local Universities Based on the OBE Concept: A Case of College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Jishou University
  • Renyong Gu, Yuntong Li, Yuan Teng, Xiaohua Wang, Senpei Tang, Youji Li
  • To address the prominent challenges in practical teaching for chemistry and chemical engineering majors at local universities, including limited teaching resources, outdated content, simplistic evaluation methods, and insufficient quality monitoring, we have developed a novel practical teaching system focused on student competency development. This system, termed “Three Lines Through and Three Layers Progressive,” implements comprehensive reforms through multiple dimensions: reconstruction of teaching content, transformation of teaching evaluation, establishment of quality assurance mechanisms, and collaborative integration of teaching resources. Our research demonstrates that this system effectively bridges the gap between practical teaching content and industrial production technologies while aligning with the forefront of disciplinary development. It explores a comprehensive assessment mechanism based on a practical skills target matrix and establishes a closed-loop quality assurance system encompassing “decision-making, implementation, evaluation, and improvement.” Furthermore, it promotes deep integration of teaching and research platforms across colleges, universities, and enterprises. The implementation of this system has yielded significant teaching outcomes, facilitating the transformation of chemical and chemical engineering education from traditional, basic levels to developmental, innovative, and entrepreneurial levels. This model provides a replicable framework for cultivating new engineering talents in local universities.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 52-59. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506058
  • Teaching Reform Exploration in “Analytical Chemistry” Course with Ideological and Political Elements Integration
  • Ran Cui, Zhi-Ling Zhang, Yanling Liu
  • To implement the fundamental task of “cultivating morality and nurturing talents”, this study explores integration pathways between analytical chemistry courses and ideological-political education by leveraging the discipline's scientific essence of “quantitative analysis” and its precision measurement characteristics. By exploring the ideological and political elements within the core content of teaching materials and incorporating diverse methods such as case-based teaching and flipped classrooms, a trinity teaching system integrating “knowledge impartation, ability cultivation, and value shaping” has been constructed. Practice has demonstrated that the reform effectively enhances students' scientific literacy and sense of social responsibility, providing a reference for ideological and political education in science and engineering courses.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 60-66. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506052
  • Application of Integrating Fundamental Knowledge and Cutting-Edge Developments in the Teaching of Organic Synthesis: Taking the Asymmetric Meinwald Rearrangement as an Example
  • Dengke Ma
  • Organic synthesis serves as a pivotal foundational course for chemistry-related disciplines in higher education, characterized by its strong practical orientation. However, students frequently encounter challenges in comprehending, retaining, and applying the extensive array of knowledge points and reactions inherent in this subject. To address these pedagogical difficulties, this study proposes an innovative teaching model that effectively integrates fundamental principles with cutting-edge developments, using the asymmetric Meinwald rearrangement as a representative case. Through systematic exploration of this reaction's historical development, mechanistic insights, asymmetric transformations, and applications in natural product synthesis, the model establishes meaningful connections within textbook-based fundamental concepts and key reaction types, including oxidation-reduction and rearrangement processes. This integrative approach facilitates students' comprehension of knowledge frameworks, enabling them to develop more concrete and profound understanding of the subject matter, thereby enhancing both conceptual grasp and retention. Furthermore, the incorporation of ideological and political education elements fosters students' scientific curiosity and spirit of exploration, while simultaneously cultivating essential awareness of laboratory safety and environmental protection. This comprehensive pedagogical strategy contributes significantly to the development of high-caliber professionals equipped with steadfast political convictions, exemplary moral character, and robust professional competencies.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 67-74. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502112
  • Practical Exploration of the “Double Carbon” Talent Training Model in Forestry Engineering Based on the Virtual Teaching and Research Platform
  • Wentao Gan, Daxin Liang, Minghui Guo
  • Educational digitalization represents a pivotal initiative in advancing teaching methodology reforms and cultivating innovative, high-caliber talent. The establishment of a virtual teaching and research platform enables the transcendence of temporal and spatial constraints, facilitating high-quality, regionally interconnected education that caters to students' diverse and personalized learning needs. This approach serves as a fundamental driver in promoting educational digitalization. This study, using the construction of the Virtual Teaching and Research Department for Wood Science and Engineering at Northeast Forestry University as a case study, proposes a methodological framework for developing a digital system for chemical engineering courses. It further explores the “dual carbon” talent cultivation model in forestry engineering and evaluates the pedagogical outcomes achieved through the implementation of educational digitalization.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 75-79. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502021
  • Application of Project-based Learning in Physical Chemistry Course Teaching: A Case Study of “ClO2 Oxidation for Iron Removal” Project Design
  • Bei Ruan, Yingxiao Chen, Yingying Yang, Ping Li, Kezhong Wu
  • This study investigates the implementation of project-based learning in physical chemistry education through the case study of “iron removal by ClO2 oxidation”. The instructional design incorporates four distinct sub-tasks: (1) feasibility analysis of iron removal through ClO2 oxidation, (2) investigation of reaction limitations in iron removal by ClO2 oxidation, (3) examination of kinetic principles governing iron removal by ClO2 oxidation, and (4) comprehensive application and extension. This pedagogical approach enables students to develop multi-perspective problem-solving skills for addressing complex practical challenges. Through these inquiry-based activities, students achieve deeper conceptual understanding, cultivate systematic and innovative thinking patterns, and enhance their scientific literacy.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 80-89. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502019
  • Exploration and Practice of Experimental Teaching Systems for Cultivating Top-Notch Innovative Talents in Chemistry in Western Ethnic Minority Regions of China
  • Dongcheng Liu, Yuning Liang, Jiaxin Dong, Xiaokun Li, Qiong Hu, Zhong Zhang, Shuhui Li, Xingcan Shen
  • To address the current challenges in fostering innovative capacities among students in western ethnic regions and meet the demand for cultivating top-notch innovative talents, the School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences at Guangxi Normal University has developed a progressive teaching framework. By implementing the “Six Openness” and “Four Integration” initiatives, the institution has established a distinctive three-tiered experimental teaching system characterized by four integrations and six openness aspects. This system has been effectively applied in undergraduate experimental instruction, demonstrating significant improvements in students' foundational professional competencies, comprehensive practical skills, and scientific research innovation capabilities. The model serves as a valuable reference for developing chemical innovation talent cultivation systems in western ethnic region universities through textbook compilation and pedagogical reforms.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 98-103. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502028
  • Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Education in Organic Chemistry Curriculum Integrated with Petroleum Industry Characteristics
  • Zi Wang, Zhihua Peng, Longli Zhang, Linhua Song, Da Yang, Cuiyu Jiang
  • Leveraging the disciplinary features of organic chemistry, we systematically developed a petroleum-themed repository of ideological and political (I&P) educational materials and case studies, which were effectively integrated throughout the course instruction. Under the overarching objective of moral education and talent cultivation, we optimized the teaching content in accordance with the disciplinary strengths of China University of Petroleum (East China). A problem-driven blended learning model combining online and offline components was designed and implemented, featuring a multi-dimensional, progressive approach to delivering I&P content. This initiative successfully achieved the integration of ideological-political education with professional training in organic chemistry instruction. Multiple iterations of teaching practice demonstrate that this I&P pedagogical approach has been progressively refined, yielding favorable outcomes in student development.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 104-111. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502086
  • Reform and Practice of the “Two-Line, Three-Integration, Four-in-One” Teaching Model for Cultivating Applied Innovative Mineral Processing Talents in the Context of New Engineering Education: A Case Study of Physical Chemistry
  • Xiaohui Huang, Weina Song, Yanhong Zhao, Yinan Yuan, Yang Bai, Zilong Dong
  • Physical chemistry serves as the theoretical foundation for enhancing mineral resource utilization efficiency and treating mineral processing wastewater, while also being an essential approach to facilitate green transformation in mineral processing workflows and promote efficient resource utilization. This course implements innovative reforms and practical improvements in teaching content, methodologies, instructional approaches, and assessment systems. We have established a comprehensive “four-in-one” teaching framework encompassing fundamental knowledge, practical skills, innovative thinking, and ideological-political education. Supported by a dual-track “online-offline” teaching platform and a tripartite integrated teaching model that combines theoretical knowledge with real-life applications, production practices, and ideological-political education, the course employs extensive mineral processing case studies to align with professional requirements. This approach enhances students' problem-solving and analytical capabilities, offering valuable insights for cultivating applied innovative talents in mineral processing.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 112-120. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502012
  • Explorations and Practices of Ideological and Political Education in Analytical Chemistry Course at Agricultural Universities under the Background of Industry-Education Integration
  • Lu Jin, Junfang Li, Yanqin Chen, Sanawar Mansur, Le Pan
  • Under the context of industry-education integration, a crucial objective of ideological and political education in curriculum development is to promote the construction of the Analytical Chemistry course in agricultural universities located in frontier regions, thereby cultivating professionals who possess both “qualified knowledge and skills” and “reliable character and qualities”. In alignment with the requirements of emerging engineering disciplines, our team has proposed a teaching model for ideological and political education in the Analytical Chemistry course, characterized by “four integrations and professional position immersion”. This model involves restructuring the course content, redesigning the teaching process, and reforming the evaluation system to cultivate a new generation of chemical engineering talents who embody patriotic dedication, professional responsibility, and the capability to contribute to national strength.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 121-126. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502029
  • Preliminary Exploration on the Design and Construction of Knowledge Graph for Physical Chemistry I
  • Hai Zhou
  • The Physical Chemistry I course presents significant challenges in both teaching and learning due to its extensive knowledge points, highly theoretical content, abstract concepts, numerous complex formulas, and intricate derivations. The strong interconnections and logical relationships between these knowledge points further compound these difficulties. As a structured semantic knowledge base, knowledge graphs can systematically organize, network, and visually represent the course content along with its inherent correlations. This approach effectively addresses students' personalized learning needs in today's fragmented learning environment. The integration of knowledge graphs into Physical Chemistry I course development substantially enhances both instructional effectiveness and learning outcomes. Drawing from the teaching team's practical experience, this paper outlines the process of constructing the knowledge graph for this course.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 127-132. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502022
  • Exploration and Practice of Blended Teaching Reform in Physical Chemistry under the Background of Educational Informationization
  • You-Jun Fan, Xiu-Yun Wu, Wei Chen, Jian-Hua Qiu, Dong-Cheng Liu
  • Under the background of educational informationization, the traditional single classroom teaching mode of physical chemistry can no longer meet the needs of cultivating high-quality innovative talents. Developing diversified teaching resources and reforming blended teaching in physical chemistry has become an important way to improve teaching quality and students' ability to learn independently. This article explores the construction of online teaching platforms, the design and practice of online and offline courses, and the construction of a blended teaching assessment and evaluation system. It not only enhances students' enthusiasm and participation in learning, but also cultivates their ability to analyze and solve practical problems using learned physical chemistry knowledge, as well as scientific thinking.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 133-139. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502060
  • Exploration and Practice of Reforming the “Modeling Methods in Environmental Science” Course through Integration of Information Technology Software
  • Ruijuan Qu, Wenqian Cao, Shengnan Zhang, Xiaoyu Li, Yumeng Qi, Junyan Wei, Zunyao Wang
  • The increasing demand for environmental protection has highlighted the growing importance of environmental science, making educational reforms in this discipline particularly urgent. Using the “Modeling Methods in Environmental Science” course as a case study, this research investigates its pivotal role in environmental science and engineering programs and explores practical approaches for pedagogical innovation. The course aims to cultivate interdisciplinary talents with both mathematical-statistical and modeling competencies to address the need for technically skilled professionals in environmental fields. By integrating theoretical knowledge from environmental science, statistics, and computer science, the curriculum incorporates specialized software tools (ChemOffice, Gaussian, and SPSS) to enhance students' ability to solve practical environmental problems using information technology. The implementation of a blended online-offline teaching model has demonstrated significant improvements in both student learning outcomes and instructional efficiency. The course reform has yielded notable achievements, providing substantial support for developing interdisciplinary environmental science professionals. Furthermore, its widespread dissemination through platforms like China University MOOC has contributed to advancing environmental science education. This study offers valuable theoretical and practical insights for environmental science education reform, supporting the cultivation of interdisciplinary talents and promoting innovative productivity in environmental fields.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 140-148. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503030
  • Exploration and reform of general chemistry experimental course for medical experimental class
  • Jiahao Zhang, Lirong Lin, Zhongning Lin, Shengxiang Ge, Huayun Shi, Hongmin Chen
  • The general chemistry laboratory course at Xiamen University, with its emphasis on inorganic and analytical chemistry experiments, serves as a core compulsory course for undergraduates in the Medical Experimental Class. To maximize instructional efficiency within constrained class hours while cultivating students' theoretical foundation and experimental competencies—essential for fostering innovative medical research—this study proposes comprehensive reforms addressing current curricular challenges in comprehensive universities' medical programs. Innovative approaches encompass course positioning optimization, content restructuring, and virtual teaching research platform development. Through systematic redesign of the course's logical framework and pedagogical structure, this initiative aims to enhance students' practical skills and innovative thinking. This study aims to facilitate deeper integration of chemical principles with medical applications, thereby supporting the "New Medical Education" initiative's mission to cultivate high-caliber medical professionals.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 149-156. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503091
  • Innovative practice in integrating medical organic chemistry education with materials science frontiers: an interdisciplinary perspective
  • Zhiwei Wang, Yanhong Bai, Zehua Wu, Xinglong Zheng, Yang Yan, Le Liu, Xiaobo Shang
  • The fundamental theories of medical organic chemistry and cutting-edge advancements in materials science exhibit a mutually reinforcing relationship. Incorporating frontier materials research into teaching practices plays a pivotal role in consolidating students' basic knowledge, fostering scientific interest, and nurturing innovative talents. Using the terrylenedicarboximide-anthraquinone dyad (FTQ) for NIR-II photothermal therapy as a case study, this paper thoroughly examines practical approaches to integrate materials science advancements into medical organic chemistry education. Through comprehensive reforms in pre-class, in-class, and post-class instructional design, we demonstrate significant improvements in teaching quality and effective stimulation of students' enthusiasm for interdisciplinary exploration.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 157-164. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504004
  • Practical task-driven flipped classroom teaching design for “advanced separation and analysis”
  • Qian Wu, Hongmei Lu
  • This study proposes a practical task-oriented teaching approach for the “Advanced Separation and Analysis” course. Following theoretical instruction for each chapter, comprehensive practical tasks are assigned as independent assignments. Classroom discussions are then conducted in a flipped classroom format based on students' task design proposals, during which key concepts are systematically reviewed and summarized. For final assessment, students deliver group presentations reviewing current research developments related to the practical task themes, thereby expanding their exploration of cutting-edge knowledge in the field. A specific teaching case focusing on the “adsorption separation” chapter is presented to illustrate this approach.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 165-172. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504039
  • Investigation and improvement suggestions for applied chemistry program development of Shandong Universities
  • Xiaozhong Wu, Lingbao Xing, Haofei Huang, Shuping Zhuo, Dengxue Du, Shuyong Zhang
  • With the development of economic structure transformation and technological innovation in China, applied chemistry, as one of the most dynamic disciplines, is becoming the source of new technologies, new industries and new forms of business. In recent years, the construction of emerging engineering education has become the key content of higher education reform, and applied chemistry major has also undergone a series of adjustments and innovations under this background. In order to promote the construction of “emerging engineering education” of applied chemistry major, Shandong Provincial Undergraduate Chemistry Major and College Chemistry Course Teaching Steering Committee conducted a survey on the teaching content and teaching requirements of applied chemistry major in Shandong Province. This paper analyzes, compares and summarizes the investigation results, finds out some problems and adjustments in the process of promoting the construction of “emerging engineering education” of applied chemistry major in Shandong Province, and puts forward some suggestions for future construction.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 173-179. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504047
  • Exploration on the Internationalization of Teaching Reform in the Course of Environmental Chemistry
  • Zhiming Liu
  • In the face of the global trend of environmental issues, environmental chemistry education urgently requires innovation. The study proposes systematic reform measures from the perspectives of optimizing course content, innovating teaching methods, and constructing a diversified evaluation system. Through knowledge restructuring guided by global environmental issues and innovative internationalized teaching approaches, this initiative aims to strengthen the cultivation of students' practical abilities and nurture well-rounded environmental chemistry talents with a global perspective, cross-cultural communication skills, and innovative thinking. These efforts provide solid intellectual support and talent assurance for addressing global environmental challenges such as climate change, carbon neutrality goals, and emerging pollutant control. Through internationalized teaching reform, environmental chemistry courses will better serve global environmental governance and sustainable development goals.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 180-186. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506093
  • Construction and Practice of Novel Teaching Mode for Bioinorganic Chemistry in the Context of “New Agricultural Plan”
  • Chun Wu, Xiang Pu, Li Lin, Xin Kou, Hanbing Rao, Zhiwei Lu
  • The advancement of new quality agricultural productivity serves as both a crucial focal point and inherent requirement for promoting China's high-quality economic development. Responding to the Ministry of Education's initiative for educational reform under the “Four New Constructions” framework, particularly the “New Agricultural Science” initiative, our university has focused on addressing critical challenges in modern agriculture. Leveraging our national-level experimental platforms and disciplinary strengths (with Zoology and Plant Science ranking in the global top 0.1% and Chemistry in the top 1% of ESI rankings), we have comprehensively upgraded the Bioinorganic Chemistry curriculum. This teaching reform, aligned with the high demands of developing new quality agricultural productivity, explores innovative approaches including: curriculum-based ideological education, knowledge-tree teaching models, diversified blended learning methods, and tiered practical teaching systems - with particular emphasis on the latter. The reform specifically examines how fundamental principles and cutting-edge research in Bioinorganic Chemistry can support the “New Agricultural Science” initiative. Practice demonstrates that this optimized teaching model has enriched educational resources, improved teaching quality, significantly enhanced student engagement and motivation, and enabled precise understanding of disciplinary advancements. These outcomes provide valuable references for Bioinorganic Chemistry education in agricultural universities, particularly “Double First-Class” institutions, thereby contributing to the development of China's agricultural new quality productivity.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 187-198. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504102
  • Discovering-and-sharing model: An Exploration of Generative Teaching
  • Deshuang Tu, Hong Yan, Changsheng Lu
  • In routine teaching practices, the student-centered approach often encounters challenges due to teachers' limited awareness and methodological constraints. Drawing from teaching reforms and practical experience in the Plan for Strengthening Basic Academic Disciplines, this paper proposes and implements a dual-center teaching model that partially reconciles student-centered and teacher-centered philosophies. By examining the core principles of student-centered education, two case studies are analyzed under the dual-center framework, illustrating the generative teaching processes and outcomes achieved through this approach.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 199-207. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506111
  • Reform and practice of inorganic chemistry experiment teaching for cultivating innovation capabilities
  • Jianghua Qiu, Yang Chen, Yan Tang, Jing Xie, Xiongzhi Zhang
  • This paper summarizes the implementation of inorganic chemistry experimental course reforms at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology. By establishing a blended online-offline teaching model, increasing the proportion of comprehensive and design-based experiments, integrating ideological and political education throughout the curriculum, and adopting a diversified comprehensive evaluation system, significant improvements have been achieved in students' experimental operation skills, experimental design capabilities, innovative thinking, as well as safety awareness, environmental protection literacy, and social responsibility. These reforms have consequently enhanced overall teaching effectiveness.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 208-215. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507068
  • Case-based practice for cultivating scientific thinking in science and engineering education: a case of fundamentals of catalytic chemistry
  • Leiduan Hao, Zhenyu Sun
  • In the context of “New Engineering”, Fundamentals of Catalytic Chemistry serves as a core course for chemistry and chemical engineering majors, characterized by interdisciplinary integration, cutting-edge content, and the combination of theory with application. This course provides an effective platform for fostering scientific thinking. Through representative teaching cases, this study explores systematic approaches to training students' scientific thinking, thereby enhancing their analytical, inductive, and innovative capabilities. The approach facilitates students' transition from passive knowledge recipients to active scientific explorers. This work offers valuable insights for integrating scientific thinking cultivation into advanced professional courses.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 216-221. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507105
Survey of Chemistry
  • Application of Modern Chemical Instrumental Analysis in Archaeological Research: a Case of the Iceman
  • Ying Ma, Gang Liu, Fen Wang, Heng Zhang, Shiling Yuan
  • The paper takes the study of Ötzi the Iceman, currently the world's oldest known natural mummy, as a case study. It provides a detailed introduction to the application of various chemical analysis techniques-including radiocarbon (14C) dating, isotopic analysis, elemental analysis, organic residue analysis, and microscopic analysis-in researching Ötzi's chronological age, birthplace, living areas, and prehistoric technologies. The study demonstrates the significant application value of chemical methodologies in archaeological research.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 222-230. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506003
  • Flow Cytometry: Principles, Applications, and Innovations in Spectroscopic Techniques
  • Jianna Peng, Hongjie Song, Lichun Zhang, Rui Liu, Yi Lü
  • Flow cytometry enables the detection of scattered light and fluorescence emitted by cells when illuminated vertically by a laser beam, thereby facilitating comprehensive cellular analysis. The advancements in photoelectric technology have driven it from single-parameter to multi-parameter analysis, culminating in the development of full-spectrum flow cytometry. This evolution allows for the acquisition of extensive biological information from complex samples and has a wide range of influences. The article elaborates on the historical development, principles, and diverse applications of flow cytometry, and emphasizes the innovations in spectral technology. Additionally, it outlines potential future directions for the field.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 231-238. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506070
  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as Environmental Pollutants: Recent Advances in Adsorptive Removal Technologies
  • Yixian Zhou, Xiaodong Shen, Lina Zhu
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of persistent organic pollutants that have garnered significant scientific attention owing to their carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic properties, along with their environmental persistence. This review systematically examines the classification, structural characteristics, and environmental impacts of PAHs, while comprehensively evaluating current remediation approaches. Adsorption technology emerges as particularly promising due to its environmental compatibility, high efficiency, and sustainability advantages. We critically analyze recent developments in adsorbent materials for PAH removal, discussing their respective merits and limitations through comparative assessment. Furthermore, this review provides perspectives on future research directions in this field. From an educational standpoint, we elucidate how PAH adsorption studies can enrich university chemistry curricula by bridging fundamental concepts with contemporary environmental applications.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 239-249. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502084
  • Research Progress on the Synthesis, Structure, and Chemical Reactivity of Borylenes
  • Ming Chen, Zhenbo Mo
  • Borylenes are highly reactive species featuring a low-valent main group element center, characterized by a boron atom in the +I oxidation state. The boron center of borylenes possesses two empty orbitals and a lone pair of electrons; however, monocoordinated free borylenes have yet to be successfully isolated. In recent years, advancements in main group chemistry have led to significant progress in the synthesis and isolation of Lewis base-stabilized dicoordinated and tricoordinated borylenes. These compounds not only serve as donor ligands for coordination with transition metals but also facilitate the activation and transformation of small molecules. This review summarizes the literature reports on the synthetic exploration and reaction chemistry of borylene compounds, and provides perspectives on future research directions in this field.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 250-263. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502123
  • Covalent organic frameworks: emerging organic porous materials
  • Ben Yang, Shukun Shen, Pujun Jin, Yujia Luo, Jianyong Hu
  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a novel class of crystalline porous polymers formed through covalent bonding between organic building blocks. Characterized by well-defined pore structures, tunable functionalities, and remarkable stability, COFs demonstrate significant potential for applications in gas adsorption/separation, catalysis, energy storage, and biomedical fields. This review provides a concise overview of COFs, including their fundamental concepts, classification schemes, synthetic methodologies, historical development, and emerging applications. The article concludes with perspectives on both the opportunities and challenges in the future advancement of COF materials.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 264-274. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502128
  • Bound Water: Intelligent Regulation from Biological Hydrogen-Bond Networks to Artificial Materials
  • Gang Ma, Siyu Jin, Bo Zheng, Lingyan Gao
  • Bound water plays a pivotal role in maintaining biomacromolecular structures and facilitating their specific functions through mechanisms such as hydrogen-bond anchoring and hydrophobic association. Inspired by these natural phenomena, researchers have incorporated bound water as a functional structural unit into polymer networks through biomimetic design and molecular engineering. This innovative approach overcomes the conventional limitation of “water-induced softening” and instead utilizes water molecules to regulate material mechanical properties, enabling the fabrication of polymer materials with high toughness, environmental adaptability, and energy dissipation capabilities. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in polymer performance modulation through the introduction of bound water into polymer networks and the manipulation of interactions between bound water and polymeric structural elements.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 275-279. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504088
Science Education
  • Hidden Fingerprint in Scattered Light: Raman Spectroscopy
  • Jing Wang, Xue Qi, Yan Li, Zhihui Wen, Zhanheng Feng, Xiaohang Qiu
  • Raman scattering, a unique phenomenon within scattered light, serves as an exclusive “identity fingerprint” that precisely reveals the internal structural information of substances. Concealed within a vast array of light signals, it quietly unveils the mysteries of the microscopic world. With its remarkable capabilities, Raman spectroscopy has made significant contributions in various aspects of daily life, including food and pharmaceutical ingredient detection, archaeological exploration, cultural relic restoration, criminal investigation, and environmental pollution monitoring. To enhance public scientific understanding, this study has designed four representative experimental modules: plastic material analysis, jewelry and jade identification, security screening of hazardous liquids, and hands-on spectrometer self-constructed practice. By utilizing common everyday samples and representative application scenarios, these experiments intuitively demonstrate the connection between Raman scattering phenomena and material structural characteristics. The aim is to bridge the gap between professional science and technology and public awareness, thereby advancing the popularization of spectroscopic analysis techniques.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 280-288. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507031
  • The Rising Path of MPI: A New Star in Medical Imaging Innovation
  • Fumei Yang, Yuxin Bai, Zhen Zhang, Jia Luo, Yongchen Gou, Mingli Peng, Guang Jia, Haiming Fan
  • Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), an emerging molecular imaging technology, has demonstrated remarkable potential in preclinical medical applications, particularly in stem cell tracking and immunotherapy. Distinguished by its unique imaging principles, high spatial sensitivity, absence of ionizing radiation, and excellent temporal resolution, MPI represents a significant advancement in biomedical imaging. This article presents a first-person perspective on MPI's developmental trajectory, fundamental technical principles, progress in preclinical applications, as well as current challenges and future prospects. Our objective is to provide readers with a comprehensive picture of this rising star's critical value and promising developmental in the medical field.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 289-296. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507006
  • The adventure of xiao'an: deciphering safety puzzles in chemical laboratory instrumentation
  • Yaqian Zhou, Ziyang Li, Xia Yang, Wentao Jia, Bin Cui, Yan Li
  • This study establishes an immersive virtual laboratory environment utilizing an intelligent laboratory simulation system. The scenario incorporates critical safety issues including hydrogen cylinder leaks in gas chromatographs, improper reagent storage in explosion-proof refrigerators, operational risks of high-temperature instruments, and abnormal centrifuge vibrations. The research analyzes the primary causes of near-miss incidents and develops corresponding preventive strategies. By implementing first-person interaction and real-time feedback mechanisms within the virtual experimental setting, the system significantly enhances hazard identification capabilities and emergency response proficiency. The narrative-driven design not only realistically recreates accident scenarios but also reinforces safety responsibility awareness through emotionally engaging elements.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 297-301. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503112
  • From shadow to shape: the fascinating journey from signal acquisition to spectrum display
  • Jing Wu, Jingfeng Lan, Wei Wang, Lianhua Li, Zhaowei Qu, Fan Mei, Qiaosheng Pu
  • While chemistry students can clearly explain the experimental principles behind modern analytical instruments, many remain unclear about a crucial intermediate step: how a sample is transformed into a spectral output after entering the instrument. This conversion involves a sophisticated signal processing cascade: initially, subtle changes in optical, electrical, or chemical properties are detected and converted into analog electrical signals by a transducer. These weak current signals are converted into voltage signals via amplification, conditioned, and digitized, ultimately yielding computer-readable data displayed as a visual spectrum. This intricate process incorporates multiple electronic modules and fundamental concepts, including transimpedance amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), sampling frequency, and resolution. Through intuitive analogies that elucidate key signal processing stages, this article enhances students' comprehension of the complete pathway from raw signal acquisition to interpretable spectral data. It moves beyond the reductive “button-pressing” paradigm, cultivating a deeper appreciation for the underlying signal processing that generates each spectrum, thereby transforming analytical instruments from opaque “black boxes” into transparent and comprehensible tools.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 302-309. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506103
  • Light stabilizers: the “sunscreen” for polymer products
  • Tiantian Qiu, Yiying Chen, Hongtai Chen, Cuiying Liao, Liyan Zeng, Xia Pu, Xiangyang Zhou, Jingqi Shang
  • Polymer materials are susceptible to chain scission, performance degradation, discoloration, and reduced service life when exposed to outdoor light, heat, and oxidative conditions. This article elucidates the chemical nature of light stabilizers by analyzing the composition of commercial sunscreens, while detailing their classification and anti-aging mechanisms. Through the illustrative case study of “An An's Sunscreen Quest”, we demonstrate the prevalent types and functional mechanisms of light stabilizers in four practical applications: UV-protective clothing, playground slides, waste containers, and synthetic turf. The primary objective is to enhance public understanding of light stabilizers' crucial role in prolonging polymer material durability, while emphasizing their scientific and technological significance in both daily life and engineering applications.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 310-316. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503123
  • The dual-faced envoy of the elemental world
  • Daxiang Gui, Hui Li
  • The technological trajectory of uranium is characterized by its inherent duality: Uranium-235 serves as the foundation for nuclear energy and weaponry, whereas Uranium-238 provides the basis for geological dating. From its initial misidentification to its pivotal role in the militarized “Manhattan Project”, uranium has emerged as both a source of clean nuclear power and a devastating weapon, establishing it as a paradigmatic case in scientific ethics. This article presents a comprehensive examination of uranium's dual identity, encompassing its cosmic origins, discovery, physicochemical properties, diverse applications, and associated ethical dilemmas.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 317-323. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502098
  • “Cobalt” reveals its colorful charm
  • Yibo Yang, Yuqi Zeng, Yan Liu, Chunhuan Qu
  • This article employs the narrative of Daisy's accidental entry into a cobalt complex doll city to introduce readers to the vibrant world of cobalt complexes, elucidating the origin of their diverse coloration. Through chemical explanations of the color variations in cobalt complexes, the study unveils the underlying principles governing their chromatic properties.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 324-328. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503104
  • Colour chemistry China
  • Zhiyuan Wang, Yanhao Wang
  • The chromatic system in Chinese art exhibits profound intrinsic correlations with chemical processes. The ochre-pigmented pottery from the Neolithic Laoguantai culture established fundamental mineral coloration principles through ligand charge transfer mechanisms. While cinnabar's crystalline structure produces the distinctive Chinese red, the chemical lability of lead red has induced chromatic alterations in Dunhuang murals, underscoring the crucial role of chemical stability in art preservation. Within the blue pigment system, lapis lazuli-derived ultramarine employs S3- chromophores for coloration, whereas Chinese blue's copper silicate hexagonal framework demonstrates ancient high-temperature synthesis technology. The serendipitous alignment between its crystal topology and modern chemical markers reveals remarkable trans-temporal wisdom in material design. The millennium-spanning acetate dry process for lead white production, urushiol's laccase-catalyzed radical polymerization forming black films, and the realgar-orpiment transformations all testify to sophisticated ancient chemical practices. Iron yellow synthesis investigations further establish scientific correlations between coloration and phase transitions. These pigments' chromatic mechanisms, synthetic pathways, and degradation patterns not only constitute the material foundation for masterpieces like “A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains” but also provide essential chemical reference spectra for cultural relic analysis.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 329-336. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503113
  • A journey through time: the legend of lithium-ion batteries
  • Jingyi Zhang, Tianyue Gao, Xiaoqing Qiu
  • Inspired by the fantastical elements of the animated film Coco, this paper adopts an anthropomorphic narrative approach to chronicle the developmental journey of lithium-ion batteries. Through the protagonist Little L's unique experiences during the “Ancestor-Visiting Festival”, we vividly depict the evolution of lithium-ion batteries from their inception to their current thriving state. The narrative provides an in-depth examination of the material characteristics, working mechanisms, expanding applications, and key technological challenges and breakthroughs at various developmental stages. This exploration not only highlights the crucial role of lithium-ion batteries in modern technological industries but also aims to inspire readers' interest in chemical science exploration.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 337-342. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502100
Chemistry Laboratory
  • Contextualizing Instrumentation, Empowering Learning: A Student-Centered Reform of Large-Scale Instrumental Experiments in Chemistry Education
  • Yanyang Li, Lifen Hou, Zongpei Zhang
  • Large-scale instrumental experiment courses serve as a crucial bridge linking theoretical knowledge with practical skills in undergraduate chemistry education. However, due to the complexity of instrument structures and the interdisciplinary nature of the required knowledge, traditional teaching approaches often struggle to engage students effectively. Guided by the educational philosophy of “contextualizing instrumentation, empowering learning”, this study proposes a student-centered blended teaching model that integrates virtual and physical realities. Specifically, immersive virtual reality (VR) technology is combined with actual instrument components, enabling students to visually and interactively understand instrument structures and operating principles. Additionally, role-playing activities from a scientist's perspective immerse students in historical contexts related to instrument invention and application. Furthermore, project-based teaching linked to authentic research tasks facilitates students' development of scientific thinking and comprehensive practical skills through addressing real-world challenges. Classroom implementation has demonstrated that this multifaceted educational model significantly enhances students' engagement, motivation, and active participation, offering an effective pathway for cultivating interdisciplinary competencies and practical abilities in future chemistry professionals.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 343-348. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505082
  • Exploration of Supramolecular Polymer “Chameleons” in Innovative Chemistry Experiments
  • Zhao Gao, Jianxiang Sun, Bin Mu, Yi Yan, Wei Tian
  • This study presents a preliminary investigation of anthracene-based supramolecular polymer materials exhibiting vapochromic properties within the context of innovative chemical experiments. The fabricated “chameleon” patterns demonstrate orange-red fluorescence in their solid state and exhibit rapid color transitions to yellow or green fluorescence upon exposure to specific vapors. The experimental framework encompasses the synthesis of supramolecular polymer materials, fluorescence characterization, and vapor response evaluation, effectively incorporating the fundamental principles of molecular recognition and stimulus-responsive behavior from supramolecular chemistry into practical teaching applications. Through direct observation of fluorescence color transitions and subsequent spectral data analysis, students gain profound insights into the structure-property relationships of intelligent materials. This research successfully integrates cutting-edge scientific advancements with fundamental experimental practices, thereby enhancing students' comprehensive experimental competencies and innovative capabilities.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 349-355. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504044
  • Determination of Iron/Zinc/Copper/Manganese in Aloe vera and Ganoderma lucidum Using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
  • Cailin Song, Wenqi Liu, Qingming Lu, Bin Zhang, Xiaowen Xu
  • Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) and Aloe vera are traditional Chinese medicinal materials extensively documented in classical pharmacopeias such as Compendium of Materia Medica for their therapeutic properties. However, discussions on their trace element profiles and pharmacological mechanisms remain limited. This study employs flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) to analyze inorganic constituents in traditional Chinese medicine. Aligned with the pedagogical features of instrumental analysis experiments, we developed a problem-oriented teaching model for undergraduates to advance innovative experimental reforms. This approach enhances students' practical competence and innovative thinking while reinforcing their cultural affinity for traditional medicine practices.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 356-362. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505098
  • Graphitic Carbon Nitride Catalyzed Photochemical Minisci Reaction: A Comprehensive Experimental Design Derived from Scientific Research
  • Xiaoyu Wang, Yifan Li, Ruibo Liu, Li An, Dan Qu, Yichang Liu, Zaicheng Sun
  • This paper presents a comprehensive chemistry experiment for undergraduate laboratory teaching, derived from our research group's scientific achievements. The experiment encompasses the synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and its application as a photocatalyst in the Minisci reaction between redox-active ester (NHP ester) and quinoline. Through this experiment, students gain insight into the complete scientific research process, ranging from catalyst preparation and characterization to the execution of photocatalytic reactions. The experiment incorporates fundamental laboratory techniques such as suction filtration, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and column chromatography, while also providing training in the operation of advanced instruments including a muffle furnace, gas chromatography (GC), and X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD). This experiment introduces students to the fundamental principles of photocatalysis and the concept of green chemistry, extending to the broader context of carbon peak and neutrality strategies. Furthermore, it aims to broaden students' scientific perspectives, cultivate research-oriented thinking, and enhance their interest in scientific inquiry.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 363-371. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502065
  • Determination of Chloride Ion Content in Soy Sauce by Conductometric Precipitation Titration: A Recommended Undergraduate Chemistry Experiment
  • Siyu Guo, Zhiye Chen, Jianzhao Liu, Yixuan Wang, Xinjian Feng, Shujin Li
  • Introducing the conductometric precipitation titration method for determining chloride ion content in soy sauce into undergraduate physical chemistry laboratory courses enables students to gain a comprehensive understanding of both the theoretical principles and practical applications of conductometric titration. This experiment not only raises students' awareness of food safety issues but also cultivates their social responsibility and commitment to public service. With its relevance to daily life, the experiment effectively stimulates students' interest in laboratory work. Utilizing standard laboratory equipment and reagents, the procedure can be completed within 3–4 hours, meeting the requirements for fundamental experiments in undergraduate curricula.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 372-379. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502015
  • Experimental Teaching Design for High-Efficiency Water Electrolysis Hydrogen Production Electrodes with Bubble Diversion Function
  • Jinxin Gao, Yuliang Li, Qiuya Zhang, Zhaoyang Wang, Honghao Li, Xiaofang Zhang, Dongliang Tian
  • Hydrogen production via water electrolysis is a pivotal technology for achieving the “dual carbon” goals (carbon neutrality and peak carbon emissions). However, persistent challenges include gas bubble adhesion on electrode surfaces, which reduces catalytic activity. Rapid bubble detachment to expose active sites is critical for enhancing electrolytic hydrogen production efficiency. This experimental teaching module integrates multidisciplinary knowledge (electrochemistry, interfacial chemistry, thermodynamics, and kinetics) by combining frontier interfacial chemistry research with classical electrochemical theory. Specifically, it designs a superwetting nickel electrode with anisotropic microstructures to reduce bubble adhesion forces while investigating the electrochemical mechanisms governing anisotropic bubble transport. The goal is to achieve rapid bubble release for efficient hydrogen evolution. The module emphasizes interdisciplinary synergy and pedagogical integration, guiding students through systematic problem-solving—from conceptualization and analysis to innovation—to cultivate scientific curiosity, critical thinking, and innovative capacity.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 380-392. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502101
  • Development and Application of Primary Battery-based Humidity Sensors: Advancing a New Paradigm for Integrated Experimental Teaching through Science-Education Synergy
  • Wei Zheng, Yanyu Chen, Rizhong Gao, Chao Lu
  • Humidity sensors with power generation capabilities combine energy harvesting and sensing functions, demonstrating significant potential for environmental monitoring, food quality assessment, wearable electronics, and healthcare applications. To promote the integration of scientific research with undergraduate education, we have developed a primary battery-structured humidity sensor as a comprehensive inquiry-based experiment, carefully designed to meet undergraduate teaching requirements regarding safety protocols, cost-effectiveness, time efficiency, and educational objectives. The experimental module encompasses four key components: (1) sensor fabrication, (2) active layer morphological characterization, (3) humidity-sensing performance evaluation, and (4) respiratory monitoring applications. This pedagogical approach achieves three-dimensional integration: combining theoretical knowledge with practical implementation, aligning experimental content with educational objectives, and bridging cutting-edge research with laboratory instruction. The experiment effectively enhances students' scientific competencies and innovative thinking while stimulating their research interests and fostering an exploratory mindset toward scientific inquiry.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 393-399. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503009
  • Improvement of Linear Relationship in Viscosity Curves Using Mixed Soluble Salt Systems
  • Xiaoyan Zhang, Ziyu Chen, Xiangfeng Jiang, Kun Liu, Zhongyun Ma
  • The viscosity method serves as a convenient and widely adopted technique for determining the relative molecular weight of polymeric materials, with relevant experiments being incorporated into undergraduate curricula including physical chemistry, polymer physics and chemistry, and biochemistry. However, students frequently encounter issues with poor linearity in viscosity curves when applying this method to measure the relative molecular weights of polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol. This study demonstrates that the linearity of viscosity curves can be significantly improved by introducing single or mixed soluble salt systems into polymer solutions, which modulate the curve's characteristics through “upward” and “downward” bending effects. Through systematic investigation of influencing factors including effective capillary inner diameter and kinetic energy correction, we identified an optimal mixed salt system (0.125 mol·L-1 LiCl + 0.25 mol·L-1 KCl) that achieves a linear correlation coefficient (R2) exceeding 0.95. The method's applicability was further validated by determining the relative molecular weights of dextran 20, dextran 100, and polyethylene glycol using this optimized salt system. This improved viscosity method not only enhances experimental outcomes but also encourages students to integrate multidisciplinary theoretical knowledge into practical analysis, stimulates deeper scientific inquiry, fosters research interest, and significantly develops experimental skills and innovative research capabilities.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 400-408. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502033
  • A Comprehensive Design Experiment: Preparation and Property Characterization of Polymer Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Materials
  • Cong Liu, Yuling Huang, Peng Zhen, Hualiu Li, Bingjia Xu, Suilian Luo, Guang Shi
  • Addressing the limitations in comprehensiveness and innovation within undergraduate material chemistry experiments, this comprehensive experiment was developed by incorporating the cutting-edge research area of “polymer room-temperature phosphorescence materials.” The experiment integrates polymer material preparation, characterization, and the evaluation of room-temperature phosphorescence properties along with their applications. Through this experimental design, students not only deepen their understanding of the relationship between polymer synthesis, structure, and properties, but also expand their knowledge of advanced optoelectronic functional materials, particularly polymer room-temperature phosphorescence materials. This approach effectively enhances students' innovative and practical capabilities, fosters a collaborative learning environment among peers, and cultivates a scientific research ethos characterized by continuous exploration and the pursuit of excellence.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 409-416. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503092
  • The Secret Dance of Colors: Exploring How Colloidal Crystals Refract Beautiful Light and Shadows
  • Yafei Wang, Yan Zhang, Wei Li, Tingting Wang, Jiexuan Yang, Hui He, Ying Guan, Yongjun Zhang
  • Structural color arises from light reflection and interference phenomena in micro-nano architectures, a phenomenon ubiquitously observed in nature, exemplified by butterfly wings and avian plumage. Distinguished from conventional pigments, structural coloration demonstrates superior stability and environmental compatibility, rendering it valuable for applications in anti-counterfeiting technologies, optical sensing, and biomimetic materials. This research employs temperature-responsive microgels as model systems, guiding students through controlled synthesis and colloidal crystal self-assembly processes to systematically explore the fundamental mechanisms and modulation principles of structural color formation. Monodisperse crosslinked microgels with excellent thermoresponsive properties were synthesized via free-radical precipitation polymerization, enabling precise control over aqueous self-assembly through temperature modulation. The pedagogical framework seamlessly integrates material synthesis, structural characterization, and optical property evaluation, complemented by interactive science communication components. This comprehensive approach effectively stimulates students' research curiosity while cultivating scientific reasoning and innovative capacities.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 417-423. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504026
  • A green approach to natural products chemistry experiments: optimization and improvement of berberine hydrochloride preparation
  • Lijuan Wang, Yuping Ning, Sha Luo
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional berberine hydrochloride preparation methods, such as prolonged duration, low efficiency, and excessive waste generation, this study proposes a purification-free preparation method. Furthermore, antimicrobial and antioxidant testing modules were incorporated into the original berberine hydrochloride preparation experiment, transforming it from a simple verification-based extraction into a multifunctional comprehensive experiment. This approach effectively integrates science education with ideological-political cultivation, enhances the curriculum's innovation and challenge level, strengthens educational outcomes, and promotes students' comprehensive development.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 424-432. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503120
Between Teacher and Student
  • Sources of Titration Endpoint Error and Their Practical Significance
  • Siyi Deng, Le Li, Guanghui Chen, Shunze Zhan
  • Endpoint error (Et) represents a critical concept in analytical chemistry education. Conventionally, the difference (EIn) between an indicator's theoretical color transition point and the stoichiometric point has been regarded as the exclusive source of endpoint error. This study introduces an additional source of endpoint error—Eld, arising from the last drop of titrant during practical titration operations. This systematic error exhibits positive values with inherent uncertainty within a defined range. We comprehensively analyze the impact of this error on overall endpoint error and re-examine the interrelationships among titration jumps, endpoint error, and indicator transition points. These findings provide enhanced theoretical guidance for optimizing titration conditions and improving measurement accuracy.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 433-437. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502067
  • Computational Chemistry-Assisted Organic Structure Analysis (CCAOSA): A Case Study of Propeller-Shaped Hexabenzotriphenylene
  • Chenxu Gong, Weizhen Wang, Ruiying Zhang, Wenfeng Wang, Yuanming Li, Yaofeng Yuan, Keyin Ye
  • Organic structure analysis plays a crucial role in the curriculum of undergraduate and postgraduate chemistry-related programs. Traditional teaching methods in this field primarily focus on fundamental theories and the application of classical spectroscopic techniques, often neglecting the incorporation of cutting-edge scientific research and technological advancements. These conventional approaches present certain limitations when applied to complex molecular systems, particularly in their dependence on high-purity experimental samples, difficulties in interpreting complex spectral signals, and the associated lengthy experimental durations and high costs. Computational chemistry, utilizing methodologies such as density functional theory (DFT), provides theoretical predictions of organic molecular structures, properties, and reaction mechanisms. This approach aids in the elucidation of molecular structures and the prediction of reactivity, thereby offering theoretical guidance for subsequent experimental designs and reducing experimental uncertainty. This study illustrates the application of computational chemistry in organic structure analysis through a comprehensive investigation of propeller-shaped hexabenzotriphenylene (HBTP), demonstrating the integration of computational chemistry with experimental structural analysis and its implementation in educational contexts.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 438-446. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503076
  • Reform and Practice in the Optimization of Experimental Report Design and Evaluation Mechanism
  • Guoxin Yang, Xiangrong Zhang, Jiaojiao Du, Fen Li, Junyan Liang, Aqun Zheng, Yanhong Bai
  • This study addresses prevalent issues in experimental report design and evaluation within traditional university chemistry laboratory instruction. We propose a comprehensive three-phase reform approach encompassing pre-lab, in-lab, and post-lab components. The reforms include: optimizing pre-lab preparation through an enhanced guided reading system that integrates ideological and political education elements; standardizing experimental report writing while incorporating critical discussion components to develop students' analytical, observational, and written communication skills; and implementing a dual-evaluation system combining AI-powered automated assessment with interactive teacher feedback. This innovative approach not only modernizes report evaluation but also promotes meaningful teacher-student interactions, thereby deepening students' comprehension and reflective analysis of experimental processes.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 447-451. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503007
  • Exploration of a hierarchical learning approach for organic compound nomenclature
  • Hui Liu, Mingjie Tang, Shupeng Zhang, Yuntian Zhang, Wei Dong, Yang Fan, Yongxing Tang
  • Addressing the difficulties encountered by learners during the recent transitional period of organic compound nomenclature revisions, this study proposes a three-tiered learning methodology. The approach involves: (1) establishing fundamental knowledge of naming rules, (2) employing modern chemical tools for critical analysis, and (3) actively utilizing nomenclature principles to investigate organic compounds. This systematic method is designed to enhance students' research competencies and problem-solving skills in practical applications.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 452-456. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503024
  • Estimating Delocalization Energies of 1,3-Butadiene and Benzene with Isodesmic Reactions: A Relatively Precise Approach
  • Mengfan Gong, Dongju Zhang
  • Delocalization energy serves as a fundamental concept for understanding the stability of conjugated organic molecules, with direct relevance to multiple core topics in structural chemistry education. Using 1,3-butadiene and benzene as representative examples, this study presents a refined approach for accurately estimating delocalization energies. The methodology incorporates the concept of isodesmic reactions while integrating experimental data from hydrogenation heats, reaction enthalpy changes, and quantum chemical computation results. Our calculations yield delocalization energies of 14.2 kJ·mol-1 for 1,3-butadiene and 127.6 kJ·mol-1 for benzene. The proposed method and obtained results not only facilitate students' conceptual understanding of delocalization in conjugated systems but also provide enhanced insight into the structure-property relationships of these fundamental organic compounds.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 457-463. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505036
  • Academic Hollywood: A Director-Conscious Approach to Scientific Paper Conceptualization
  • Fengyu Li, Haixia Zhang, Yu Huang, Li Niu
  • While Chinese graduate students often admire the compelling scientific presentations in published literature, they frequently struggle with organizing their own extensive experimental data into coherent scientific models or articulating broader scientific significance. In this article, we share a narrative-driven, director-conscious paradigm for scientific communication, examining key elements such as paper structure, conceptual innovation, and editorial engagement strategies. Drawing parallels with Hollywood's narrative techniques and cinematic editing, we explore the methods to enhance the presentation, organization, and layout of research papers to increase their appeal and readability. By adopting a director's perspective, we expectantly demonstrate how to effectively showcase rigorous scientific discoveries and cultivate modern academic excellence.
  • 2026, 41 (4): 464-472. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505079