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Colorful ice crystal: metastable magic show

Qinqin Yuan, Chentao Fan, Yuxi Chen, Deyun Hu, Fangzhi Huang   

  1. School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2025-11-20 Accepted:2025-12-26
  • Contact: Qinqin Yuan, Fangzhi Huang E-mail:qinqinyuan@ahu.edu.cn;huangfangzhi@163.com

Abstract: The metastable state represents a fascinating chemical phenomenon existing between stability and instability under specific conditions, playing a pivotal role in both technological advancements and daily life. However, its abstract nature often renders it obscure to the general public. This study innovatively designs a series of engaging and easily reproducible gradient experiments, presenting scientific principles through an interactive “metastable magic show”. Specifically, metastability is first introduced through colorful homemade slush experiments, complemented by original animated videos illustrating phase transitions in supercooled liquids. Metastable phase-change patterns are then visualized using laboratory experiments on supersaturated sodium acetate solutions, showcasing colorful crystallization and heat-storage “ice-flower” phenomena. Finally, the scientific essence of metastability in materials is elucidated through the fabrication of porous hydrogels combined with explanatory videos, thereby extending both the depth and breadth of science communication. Catering to diverse knowledge levels, this outreach program employs tiered experiments and hands-on activities involving cola slush preparation, heat packs, and cooling gels, to establish a cognitive framework of “phenomenon observation–principle explanation–application expansion”, enabling public participants to experientially comprehend metastability’s transformative applications from daily life to cutting-edge science.

Key words: Metastable state, Phase transition process, Supercooled liquid, Oversaturated sodium acetate solution, Porous hydrogel