Initially colorless and transparent, the sucrose solution exhibited a stunning array of colors when viewed through a polarizer. This study utilized polarization characteristics to explore the variations in beam split capacity among different sucrose solution concentrations, while also tracking the hydrolysis process of sucrose under acidic conditions. The paper further elucidates the scientific principles underlying these experimental phenomena.

Salinity gradient energy presents a promising opportunity for renewable energy, gaining significant interest in the sustainable power sector. This article presents an overview of the application of ion exchange membranes and reverse electrodialysis techniques to harness energy from salinity gradients in seawater, employing anthropomorphic terminology to enhance understanding. The main focus lies in the utilization of ion exchange membrane technology for power generation, with a particular emphasis on its current implementation status and underlying operational principles. The research aims to enhance readers’ comprehension of salinity gradient energy in seawater and promote awareness of “energy security” through the use of descriptive language.

In recent years, national authorities and associated departments have intensified their efforts to combat the proliferation of counterfeit and substandard products. Such products not only hinder the nation’s economic growth but also pose significant risks to the interests of brands and consumers. The emergence of anti-counterfeiting materials has become a cornerstone in advancing scientific anti-counterfeiting measures. Through a brief narrative, this paper categorizes pivotal anti-counterfeiting materials, delves into their underlying principles, and discusses their potential applications, with a special emphasis on optical anti-counterfeiting materials.

In recent decades, an escalating incidence of tumors has been observed, necessitating more precise and less side-effect-prone therapies. Micro/nanorobots have been successfully engineered to address this challenge. These minute intelligent machines are capable of navigating to, and even infiltrating, tumor cells or tissues under external control. This enables targeted drug delivery and precise tumor therapy. To elucidate this sophisticated technology to a general audience, this paper adopts a personification style. Utilizing an engaging "battle narrative between micro/nanorobots and tumor cells", we briefly outline the design, fabrication, propulsion mechanisms, and therapeutic principles for a wider readership.

In the wake of rapid industrial development, the ever-increasing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) have given rise to environmental concerns, including climate change. Harnessing CO₂, an abundant, non-toxic, and cost-effective C1 resource, through chemical catalysis to produce high-value-added chemicals presents a viable solution for the sustainable utilization of CO₂ resources. This paper employs a first-person perspective and a personification approach to introduce the adsorption and activation mechanisms of CO₂ molecules by several typical catalysts.

Plant pigments are natural organic compounds found in plant cells. They impart vibrant colors to plants and play essential roles in processes such as photosynthesis and other physiological reactions. This article provides an overview of the classification and chemical molecular structures of plant pigments, as well as an introduction to their basic coloration mechanisms. It guides individuals in understanding the colorful world at the molecular level and emphasizes the intrinsic connection between organic chemistry and plant physiological activities.

The Zhuque family, who lived in the Hexi Corridor on the ancient Silk Road, established LANDSPACE and has been exploring environmental, economic, and safety propellants. Little Zhuque visited LANDSPACE and learned about various liquid propellants, including liquid oxygen and kerosene with high thrust but easy carbon accumulation, environmentally friendly liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen with high energy consumption, stable but toxic unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide. Finally, they discovered that the Zhuque Two carrier rocket, launched by LANDSPACE, was the world's first rocket to use liquid oxygen and methane as propellants. Liquid oxygen and methane are expected to have broader applications in the future due to their abundant reserves, easy storage conditions, safe transportation, complete combustion, and pollution-free combustion products.

Copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) were synthesized using glutathione and cysteine as ligands, respectively. According to the photoluminescence mechanisms of CuNCs, we investigated the effects of various factors on their photoluminescence properties, including ligands, radicals, pH, solvents, and temperature. Based on these findings, a Copper Nanoclusters Photofluorescence Kit was successfully developed. The kit is portable, safe, and applicable across a broad range of public science education scenarios, effectively engaging the public’s interest in nanomaterials and actively enhancing their understanding of the charm of chemistry.

Pickering emulsion, an emulsion stabilized by colloidal solid particles at the water-oil interface, is a highly intriguing subject in scientific research, daily life, and industrial production. This paper aims to demystify the concept of “Pickering emulsion”. It delves into the fundamental principles, formation mechanisms, preparation techniques, laboratory findings, and applications in the field of photocatalysis. By doing so, it provides college students, teenagers, elementary school students, and even the general public with an opportunity to discover the beauty and wonders of chemistry through the lens of Pickering emulsion.

Incorporating the backdrop of the novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, this paper provides a brief introduction to the chemical composition of chocolate. It offers a user-friendly explanation of several mainstream 3D printing technologies and their principles, discussing the advantages of food 3D printing in the food manufacturing industry. Furthermore, it places a particular focus on the historical development, working principles, and sensory aspects of chocolate 3D printing. By merging familiar everyday foods with cutting-edge scientific advancements, this article is presented in an easily understandable and reader-friendly manner, effectively serving the purpose of popularizing science.

The human city has faced bacterial attacks since ancient times, but on this fateful day, a superbug emerged among the bacteria, ushering in an unprecedented disaster for humanity. Fortunately, the leaders of the human city initiated the Superdrug Program, providing a ray of hope for mankind. These superbugs possess acquired drug resistance and innate drug resistance, among other extraordinary traits. How will the superdrugs tackle them one by one? Let’s bear witness to this epic battle!

Mi’an, freshly recovered from a serious illness, was preparing for a ceremony to honor Doctor X for his exceptional contributions in defending against disease attacks. Unexpectedly, remnants of the rebellion clandestinely laid traps for innocent civilians, initiating a diabetic onslaught on Mi’an. Thankfully, Doctor X promptly devised a solution. He established the “Medical Barking Team”, using their keen sense of smell to detect diseases and temporarily alleviate the situation. However, the enemy proved to be cunning, and the crisis persisted. In a bold move, Doctor X decided to take a chance. He created a machine called the “E-nose”, capable of detecting diseases day and night. Ultimately, Mi’an overcame the crisis with the assistance of the E-nose. From that point forward, the E-nose found applications in various fields for the benefit of all.

Chlorophyll is a compound that can be found everywhere in our daily lives. When exposed to ultraviolet light, chlorophyll emits red fluorescence, which holds significant value in scientific research and production. This paper aims to popularize a hands-on experiment that introduces the fundamental concepts of chlorophyll, the mechanism behind its fluorescence, laboratory and household preparation methods, experimental characterization, and potential applications. By doing so, it enables the public to better comprehend the principles of chlorophyll fluorescence, experimental procedures, and the promising prospects for its application, fostering a deeper appreciation for the beauty of chemistry and its essential contributions to societal development.

The “double reduction” policy, implemented in 2021, underscores the importance of leveraging university resources for enhanced after-school education. In response, Nankai University's Chemistry Science Base integrates university expertise and resources, optimizing team design. This involves active participation from high-level talents, experimental center teachers, and undergraduates in crafting after-school courses. Adopting a flexible “come in, go out” approach, we combine lectures, teaching, experiments, and research to deliver chemistry popular science courses tailored for primary and secondary school students of varying ages. This initiative aims to develop a series of targeted, content-rich, and characteristic chemistry popular science courses emblematic of Nankai Chemistry.

This article introduces how the authors, as volunteers at the Experimental Chemistry Education Center of the University of Science and Technology of China, overcame various failures and successfully completed the “Leaf Electroplating” project for the 2023 Science and Technology Week, as well as the insights and gains gained from this experience. The “Leaf Electroplating” experiment is inspired by the artistic art of leaf bookmarks, mainly using principles of chemical plating and electroplating, with the aim of uniformly plating a layer of copper on the surface of leaves as a popular science experiment. Through this experiment, the audience can gain a preliminary understanding of redox reactions and electrochemistry, stimulating children’s interest in chemistry.

As a member of soft matter, hydrogel is a new type of functional polymer material with a three-dimensional network structure. Due to the properties of high water content, fast swelling, good biocompatibility, and sensitive responsiveness to external stimuli, hydrogels have been widely used in various different fields. Starting from the common jellies and water-elf toys in life, this project gradually goes deep into 3D-printing technology hydrogels, deformable hydrogel, and memorizing-forgetting hydrogel based on thermal stimulation. For different audiences, we have popularized the knowledge of hydrogels at different levels, experienced the preparation and properties of different types of the hydrogels, and explained the related chemical principles, so as to improve the public chemical literacy.

This article introduces the specific practices of Nanjing University in conducting science popularization work in deep cooperation with the school under the background of the “double reduction” policy. The science popularization base has established the principles of promoting the spirit of scientists, deeply integrating science popularization activities with in-class education, and carrying students as the center. All science popularization education activities are designed based on these principles. Some experiences in resource opening, teacher supply, curriculum development and so on are summarized.

Penicillin was the first antibacterial drug discovered in the world. Now it has been developed to be a family of antimicrobial drugs containing β-lactam, which is widely used in clinic. This article introduces the penicillin family and its main members in the form of a live interview recording. Through a dialogue between representatives of the penicillin family and the host, the antibacterial mechanism, characteristics, and clinical applications of the penicillin family members are vividly presented to the public. It aims to promote people’s awareness of the rational use of antibiotics.

Quantum dot materials have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their excellent properties, such as stimulated emission, narrow emission half-peak width, and continuously adjustable luminous colors. This article provides a brief overview of quantum dots, categorizing them based on the composition of material elements, and explores their applications in LED technology, solar cells, biomedical uses, and heavy metal ion detection.

The Dunhuang murals, as the jewels of ancient Chinese art, represent a rich repository of history, culture, art, and religious heritage, whose value is immeasurable. The pigments used in these murals, meticulously selected from natural minerals, bring unparalleled color and texture to the Dunhuang paintings. A deeper understanding of the characteristics of these pigments aids in the appreciation of the profound layers of art, culture, and history, and serves as the foundation for the preservation and restoration of the murals. This article employs a vivid, anthropomorphic narrative to make the origins of the colors in the Mogao Caves’ murals accessible and understandable. It focuses on elucidating the typical mineral pigments used and their sources, with the aim of promoting the conservation of these murals, as well as the popularization, dissemination, and heritage of cultural treasures.

Using personification and the first person techniques, this article provides a brief introduction to the peptide hormone oxytocin in the form of a Blog, including its basic overview, research history, and functional effects. It also conducts analogical analysis with related substances, using vivid and interesting language to help people form a preliminary understanding of oxytocin.

Chirality permeates every aspect of life’s beauty. To foster a proper understanding of chirality among the public, this paper employs the differences between L- and D-tartaric acid enantiomers to design experiments for popularization of science: (1) Construction of molecular models of tartaric acid enantiomers; (2) Cultivation and observation of tartaric acid crystals; (3) Observation of the optical activity of tartaric acid solutions; (4) Recognition of chirality in tartaric acid molecules. These experiments range from basic to advanced, featuring simple operation, obvious phenomena, interactive communication, and have received positive feedback in the early stages of implementation.

Against the backdrop of the Snowflake Castle collapse and through the dialogue between Little Snowflake and the Doctor, this paper introduces the main components, principles of action, and applications of snow melting agents. Using snow melting agents as an example, it further explores the concept of colligative properties of dilute solutions, their related applications, and the methods of using snow melting agents. The aim is to familiarize readers with the concept of colligative properties in physical chemistry and to promote the concept of environmental protection.

In this popular science experiment, the non-toxic ZnGa₂O₄:Bi³⁺ fluorescent material was prepared which has three mode luminescence properties including tunable multicolor emission, dynamic photochromic and thermochromic fluorescence properties. By utilizing the “chameleon-like” fluorescence characteristics of the material, we designed three kinds of display schemes for information security application. The experiment is not only interactive and interesting, but also has a good effect on popular science practice, which is helpful to stimulate students’ enthusiasm for learning chemistry, and help adolescents experience the rich connotation of “beautiful chemistry”.

This article recounts the experiences of an ordinary college student during a National Day trip to Wuhan, where unexpected encounters with Huawei Mate 60, food packaging bags, and medical equipment unfold. Through a vivid and lively narrative, the article introduces readers to cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) materials and their typical applications in optical devices, plastic packaging, and the biomedical field.

By means of visiting folic acid processing plant, this article introduces the structure, metabolism and mechanism of folic acid, and the recommendations for folic acid supplementation are given. In order to help those who need to take folic acid supplements, this article also provides a deep understanding of the functions of folic acid in the body by combining scientific and entertaining ways.

The rapid development of chemistry and related industries in modern society has led to increasingly severe water environmental pollution problems, demanding higher standards for water quality testing and treatment technologies. However, detecting and treating low-concentration or trace pollutants remains challenging. To solve this problem, scientists have developed a new class of intelligent materials: micro/nanorobots. Based on their controllable motility, precise recognition, efficient adsorption, and in situ degradation capabilities, micro/nanorobots show promise in effectively detecting and treating pollutants in water. To enhance readers’ understanding of the cutting-edge developments in micro/nanorobots for water pollution detection and treatment, this paper presents the concept of a micro/nanorobot organization called the “Assassin Alliance”, providing a brief and engaging overview of their applications and scientific mechanisms in water environment detection, monitoring, and treatment.

The phenomena of heat and cold have long captivated human curiosity, representing some of the earliest natural observations. Among the myriad energy transformations in nature, the conversion between chemical energy and thermal energy stands out as a common occurrence. This science popularization project, guided by the principle of “Applied Chemistry, Safety First, Benefit Society”, aims to ignite public interest in chemistry, foster an understanding of chemical reactions’ potential safety risks, and cultivate a culture of safety awareness through simple experiments. Focused on two contrasting chemical reactions—an endothermic reaction (involving ammonium chloride and barium hydroxide) and an exothermic reaction (involving a heating packet and water) —the project employs various presentation formats tailored to audiences with different levels of knowledge. These include engaging experiments like “Balloon Ice Press” and situational skits such as “Iodine and Starch Embrace”. Through a series of educational events held in kindergartens, schools, and communities, the project demonstrates the captivating interplay between chemical and thermal energy, while also disseminating essential safety knowledge. By experiencing the allure of chemistry firsthand, participants not only develop an appreciation for its wonders but also enhance their safety awareness.

Drawing inspiration from the recent trend of Sauce-Flavored Latte, this paper ingeniously explores the dual narrative of “wine meets coffee”, unraveling the anthropomorphic tale of ethanol and caffeine. Delving into their chemical properties, physiological mechanisms, and metabolic pathways, the narrative aims to enlighten readers about the underlying chemistry and health implications, enabling a more informed and moderate consumption of beverages.

“The Picture of a Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains” stands as one of China’s ten great masterpieces, symbolizing not only the evolution of green landscape painting but also encapsulating a microcosm of ancient Chinese civilization. Handed down through centuries, this painting continues to radiate vibrancy and color, intricately intertwined with its materials, pigments, and binding agents. This article adopts a chemical perspective to meticulously analyze the pigments and binding agents employed in “The Picture of a Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains”, personifying them as “Brother Graphite”, “Aunt Ochre”, “Brothers Green and Blue”, “Miss Agate”, and “Uncle Gelatin”, elucidating their distinctive personalities and characteristics. Furthermore, it delves into their chemical components and physical properties, unveiling the magnificent secret behind the creation of “The Picture of a Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains” by these remarkable pigments. By provoking contemplation on the amalgamation of classical art and modern technology, this article strives to foster the convergence of art appreciation and technological innovation.

Luminescent materials play diverse roles in daily life, yet public awareness of their luminescent phenomena and optical properties, especially regarding ACQ and AIE molecules, remains limited. This experiment aims to bridge that gap by designing tailored outreach experiments for audiences of all ages. Moreover, it presents a versatile and accessible science outreach endeavor, showcased across various platforms both online and offline. With straightforward procedures, vibrant colors, and striking luminescent effects, the experiment not only facilitates comprehension of luminescent molecules in everyday life but also encourages teenagers to explore, propose, and address scientific inquiries. This initiative fosters a research-oriented mindset and methodology among teenagers, promoting innovation in scientific exploration.

Fire, the most frequent disaster in human society, often results in property damage and casualties, posing a significant threat to public safety and societal development. While flames and smoke are commonly associated with fires, few realize that toxic gases generated during combustion are among the primary causes of fire-related injuries and fatalities. Understanding the “chemical secrets” within fire smoke becomes crucial. This paper employs an anthropomorphic and exaggerated narrative approach, depicting a tale of planetary exploration, to educate readers on the toxic gases commonly encountered in fires and how to safeguard against their harmful effects.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is a pivotal biological molecule with essential roles in cellular energy transfer and metabolic regulation. In recent years, research on NAD⁺ in the medical and health domains has garnered significant attention, particularly concerning aging, metabolic disorders, and cancer treatment. Foods associated with NAD⁺ are gradually becoming popular choices on contemporary dining tables. This article, adopting a personified tone, presents the chemical structure, biological functions, and the latest research advancements pertaining to NAD⁺, while also assessing its potential transition from the realm of anti-aging to clinical applications.

We have developed a homemade sugar-based light experimental platform by specially designing an optical analyzer, allowing us to observe paper-cut art and dynamic rainbow boards. Moreover, by substituting the central sugar solution with sugar building blocks, we can create neon-colored building blocks. This apparatus is easy to set up and operate, with a clear and concise principle, meeting the requirements of popular science activities for safety, flexibility, and engaging demonstrations. Through observing the shifting colors, students can personally delve into the mysteries of the interaction between light and optically active molecules, thereby enhancing their appreciation of the beauty of physical chemistry.

This science popularization experiment is themed around the beloved magical literature character Harry Potter and his tour in China, specifically focusing on his journey at Wuhan. The experiment showcases the bronze restoration technology used in museums, the sacrificial anode anti-corrosion technology of the “Zhiyin” cruise ship, the cement solidification and 3D printing technology used in the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and the preparation of carbon quantum dots depicted in the Yellow Crane Tower. Through these demonstrations, chemical knowledge is subtly disseminated.

Although bats are notorious for their association with poison, they are genuine teachers and friends to humans. They play indispensable ecological roles in pest control, seed dispersal, and plant pollination, and hold significant economic value. Furthermore, they are crucial for research in health and longevity, as well as in biomimetics. As the only flying mammals, bats have always been subjects of human observation and study. The discovery of the bat sonar system illustrates the complex and persistent human quest for truth. Bats possess the extraordinary ability of echolocation, which has inspired the creation of bat robots. The future applications and development prospects for these technologies are vast. Additionally, bats are a symbol of good fortune in Chinese culture, deserving of our eternal praise. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of bats, their body structure, living habits, night vision abilities, and the related knowledge of bat robots. The aim is to guide students to comprehensively and critically understand bats, cultivate critical thinking skills, appreciate the marvels of biomimicry, inherit the essence of traditional Chinese good fortune culture, and establish the concept of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.

Since its advent, aspirin has garnered wide attention. With modern medical research and trials focusing on its chemical properties and clinical mechanisms, the scope of its clinical applications has been continuously expanded. This paper, written from a first-person perspective and in the form of a novel, introduces the history, mechanism of action, and modern research developments of aspirin. Additionally, it provides an outlook on its future development to offer readers a deeper understanding of its applications.

In this era of rapid technological advancement, Western medicine has conquered an increasing number of complex diseases, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) continues its longstanding heritage, aiding humanity in the relentless battle against illness. A comprehensive understanding of the vital chemical components and mechanisms of action in both TCM and Western medicine can facilitate their integration, jointly safeguarding human health.

Vitamin D, often referred to as the “sunshine vitamin”, plays an indispensable role in maintaining human health. This paper vividly introduces the formation, discovery, biological functions, and everyday applications of vitamin D from a chemical perspective. Through a deeper understanding of vitamin D, we can better recognize and learn how to judiciously utilize this essential nutrient to safeguard our health.

Cardiac CT, or coronary CT, is a medical imaging technique that involves injecting iodine contrast agents into blood vessels to visualize the heart’s coronary arteries. Cardiovascular specialists utilize these images to diagnose coronary artery blockages and assess blood flow velocity. Prior to the examination, patients are required to maintain a stable heart rate, typically not exceeding 60 beats per minute. Medications such as β-receptor blockers and nitroglycerin may be administered to reduce heart rate if necessary. This technology offers rapid imaging, minimal side effects, and low rates of false negatives and false positives.

Presented in the form of a fairy tale, this article employs engaging imagery and accessible language to guide readers through the scientific principles underlying the colorful appearance and common color-changing phenomena in plant-based foods. By exploring the structure and properties (such as solubility and stability) of major plant-based food pigments like chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins, readers gain a deeper understanding of the reasons behind these phenomena. Additionally, the article enhances comprehension of enzymatic browning principles and prevention methods, while fostering a nuanced understanding of food additives such as coloring agents.

Chinese mineral medicines, rooted in ancient alchemical practices, constitute one of the three major categories of traditional Chinese medicine. Primarily composed of inorganic compounds, they serve as significant subjects of study in the realm of inorganic element chemistry within Chinese pharmaceutical education. Through a narrative tale, this paper introduces several essential Chinese mineral medicines, illustrating their chemical transformations during the preparation process. By doing so, it aims to familiarize the audience with the properties of relevant inorganic elements and their therapeutic effects in mineral medicines, thereby fostering a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness between Chinese pharmacology and chemistry.

Laboratories host a diverse array of chemicals, including a category that is particularly hazardous, often leading to various accidents yet holding crucial importance in human life-hazardous chemicals. Contact with these chemicals is unavoidable in laboratories, underscoring the need to understand their properties, accurately classify them, and ensure proper storage and safe handling. This article adopts the perspective of Peace Ambassador Qiqi, guiding readers through the various tribes of the hazardous chemicals kingdom. It introduces the classification and storage methods of these chemicals in laboratories, aiming to enhance awareness and promote safe practices to prevent laboratory accidents.

During the hydrolysis process of caprolactam to produce polyamide 6, a considerable number of cyclic oligomers are inevitably formed. Among these, the cyclic dimer, with its propensity for aggregation, poses significant challenges to both process safety and product quality. Thus, understanding the characteristics of cyclic oligomers is crucial for ensuring process safety and enhancing product quality. This paper employs a personification approach to vividly describe the properties of cyclic oligomers, elucidating the formation mechanism of cyclic dimers, delineating the behavior of crystal phase transitions, and highlighting the detrimental effects of cyclic dimers on industrial production. Moreover, it proposes methods for process optimization.

Liquor, the essence of heaven and earth and a carrier of culture, embodies history and life in every sip. It plays a pivotal role in various social settings, transcending its role as a mere beverage to symbolize people’s aspirations for a better life. This paper uses a lively dialogue format to elucidate the five main processes of liquor brewing: ingredient selection, saccharification, fermentation, distillation, and aging. Emphasis is placed on the key chemical components and reactions involved in these processes. The artistry of liquor brewing reflects a profound cultural heritage and craftsmanship. Tasting liquor not only enriches sensory experience but also deepens our understanding of life’s philosophy and wisdom. Just as good liquor requires aging for full flavor, life too benefits from the richness that comes with experience and time.

Luminol (3-Aminophthalhydrazide) serves as a chemiluminescent reagent that, when oxidized by an oxidant in an alkaline aqueous solution, generates excited state molecules. Upon returning to the ground state, these molecules emit energy in the form of visible blue light, which is both striking and aesthetically appealing. This work enhances the outreach of chemiluminescence experiments by substituting laboratory alkaline reagents and oxidants with everyday items like explosive salts and disinfectants (e.g., 84 disinfectant). Targeted gradient science popularization efforts are tailored for different levels of scientific knowledge: (1) Engaging young children and adolescents with entertaining experiments such as “Blue Rain” and “Blue Flame” to foster interest in chemistry through enjoyable educational activities. (2) Designing experiments for undergraduate students with a strong scientific background to utilize chemiluminescence analyzers for measuring peroxide content in explosive salts, thereby enhancing practical problem-solving skills, experimental proficiency, and logical reasoning. (3) Educating the general public through everyday chemical experiments to dispel misconceptions about chemiluminescence, promoting a deeper understanding of scientific principles and improving rational thinking and scientific literacy.

Tryptophan is one of the essential amino acids in the human body, metabolized to produce indole derivatives such as kynurenine, serotonin, melatonin, and indole-3-acetic acid. It plays a crucial regulatory role in physiological functions. This article uses personification to narrate the story of tryptophan being converted into various products through metabolism and artificial synthesis, highlighting the importance of tryptophan metabolic pathways in diverse life activities.

Viruses have long been a significant threat to human survival and development, with recent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic vividly highlighting their dangers. Small molecule drugs have historically played a crucial role in humanity’s efforts to combat diseases. In the fight against viruses, humans have developed a range of strategies, with small molecule antiviral drugs occupying a pivotal position. Drawing inspiration from the classic “Thirty-Six Stratagems” of ancient Chinese military tactics, this article provides a concise overview of the developmental history of small molecule antiviral drugs, focusing on the design principles and mechanisms of representative drugs like idoxuridine, saquinavir, and oseltamivir. Furthermore, the article provides insights into future directions for small molecule antiviral drugs and antiviral methodologies.

Lithium-ion batteries play a crucial role in human production and daily life. This article employs an anthropomorphic approach, casting lithium ions as Xiao Li, to vividly illustrate the working principles of lithium batteries, the structural characteristics of active materials, and the causes and solutions for safety risks encountered during battery use.

This article employs personification and first-person techniques to introduce ten different medicines that have had or continue to have various medical uses beyond their original purposes. Presented in the format of a competition with either host introductions or self-introductions by the medicines themselves, this creative approach highlights the versatile applications of these medicines.