大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (12): 78-86.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202509052

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化学赋能农药绿色发展：从分子设计到田间应用

高玉霞, 张莉, 张晨辉, 杜凤沛   

  1. 中国农业大学理学院, 北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-11 录用日期:2025-10-09 发布日期:2025-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 杜凤沛 E-mail:dufp@cau.edu.cn Fengpei Du
  • 基金资助:
    陕西本科和高等继续教育教学改革研究(23BY119)；陕西省教师教育改革与教师发展研究项目(SJS2023YB055,SJS2022YB040)；第二批陕西省课程思政示范课程和教学团队——分析化学；2023陕西中医药大学本科课程美育建设——分析化学

Chemical Empowerment for Green Development of Pesticides: From Molecular Design to Field Application

Yuxia Gao, Li Zhang, Chenhui Zhang, Fengpei Du   

  1. College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2025-09-11 Accepted:2025-10-09 Published:2025-12-27
  • Contact: Fengpei Du E-mail:dufp@cau.edu.cn

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摘要： 农药作为农作物健康的“守护者”，能有效防控病虫害、减少作物损失，在保障粮食安全和社会稳定方面发挥着不可替代的作用。然而，传统农药使用普遍存在利用率低和环境污染严重等问题。化学凭借其方法与技术体系的独特优势，通过绿色分子设计、助剂调控界面沉积、智能控释递送体系的构建以及农药残留与安全性评估等关键途径，为农药的绿色发展提供关键方案。这些技术分别致力于从源头降低农药生态毒性、破解药液在叶面沉积与持留难题、实现精准按需释放，并系统评估与管控残留风险，协同促进了农药的高效利用与生态环境相容性。展望未来，化学将进一步融合人工智能、合成生物学、材料科学等多学科技术，构建全链条绿色农药技术体系，为推动农业可持续发展和全球农业绿色转型提供坚实的科学技术支撑。

关键词: 化学, 农药, 分子设计, 助剂调控, 递送体系, 安全性评估, 绿色发展

Abstract: As a “guardian” of crop health, pesticides play an irreplaceable role in effectively preventing and controlling diseases and pests, reducing crop losses, and ensuring food security and social stability. However, traditional pesticide applications are often associated with low utilization rates and severe environmental pollution. Leveraging its unique methodological and technological advantages, the field of chemistry provides key solutions for the green development of pesticides through critical approaches such as green molecular design, adjuvant-mediated interfacial deposition regulation, construction of intelligent controlled-release delivery systems, and pesticide residue and safety assessment. These technologies respectively aim to reduce the ecological toxicity of pesticides at the source, address the challenge of droplet deposition and retention on leaves, achieve precise on-demand release, and systematically evaluate and manage residue risks, working synergistically to enhance pesticide efficiency and environmental compatibility. In the future, chemistry will further integrate multidisciplinary technologies including artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, and materials science to establish a full-chain green pesticide technology system, offering solid scientific and technical support for advancing agricultural sustainable development and global agricultural green transformation.

Key words: Chemistry, Pesticide, Molecular design, Adjuvant regulation, Delivery system, Safety assessment, Green development