大学化学 >> 2021, Vol. 36 >> Issue (12): 2101004.doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202101004

师生笔谈 上一篇    下一篇

聚合物合成设计问题的教学——切断法及逆向思维在高分子化学中的应用

郭霖()   

  • 收稿日期:2021-01-04 录用日期:2021-03-03 发布日期:2021-03-26
  • 通讯作者: 郭霖 E-mail:guolin@qdu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:郭霖，Email: guolin@qdu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山东省普通高等学校教学改革试点课程“高分子化学”项目(鲁教高字[1999]27号);山东省省级精品课程“高分子化学”项目(150410030);山东省一流课程“高分子化学”暨青岛大学“以学为中心”课程“高分子化学”项目(RC1900004947);青岛大学研究生教育质量提升计划“计算机在化学中的应用”项目(RC19000016633)

Teaching of Polymer Synthesis Design: Application of Reverse Thinking and the Disconnection Approach in Polymer Chemistry

Lin Guo()   

  • Received:2021-01-04 Accepted:2021-03-03 Published:2021-03-26
  • Contact: Lin Guo E-mail:guolin@qdu.edu.cn

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摘要：

将切断法引入高分子化学教学解决聚合物合成设计问题，并对各种常见类型聚合物的合成问题进行了分类，提出了切断方法、切断策略，总结了切断规律，解决了学生面对此类问题时所普遍存在的理不出头绪、找不到思路、想不出方法、不知该如何思考的问题，可使相关问题变得不再棘手和相对容易解决，并使学生不仅学会知识，更学会方法、具备能力。还结合切断规律，将聚合物分类为通过官能团之间的反应进行的、通过打开不饱和键进行的，和通过打开环进行的三种类型。将聚合物合成中的切断规律简单总结为：切断通常是在主链上的单元之间、主链与侧基之间、主链与侧链之间，以及主链与端基之间，且通常是在官能团或杂原子所在位置。

关键词: 高分子化学, 教学, 聚合物合成设计, 切断法, 聚合反应分类, 逆向思维, 知识迁移

Abstract:

The disconnection approach is applied to teaching of polymer chemistry. The disconnection strategy for usual polymer synthesis problem is proposed, the rules are summarized, and the usual polymer synthesis problem is categorized. These approaches made it easier for the students to handle polymer synthesis problems, to learn the method and have the ability to learn. Accordingly, a new classification of polymerization reactions is suggested, which classifies polymerization reactions into three categories by occurring between functional groups, via opening of double bonds, and by opening of rings. It is also summarized that the disconnections in polymer synthesis are usually made between the units along the main chain, between the main chain and the side groups, between the main chain and the branches, and between the main chain and the end groups, and at the position of the functional groups or the heteroatoms.

Key words: Polymer chemistry, Teaching, Polymer synthesis design, Disconnection approach, Classification of polymerization reaction, Reverse thinking, Knowledge transfer