大学化学 >> 2024, Vol. 39 >> Issue (12): 361-368.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407096

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分析化学中的不确定度及其降低策略探讨

张东东1, 漆红兰2, 张成孝2   

  1. 1 西安交通大学药学院, 西安 710061;
    2 陕西师范大学化学化工学院, 西安 710062
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-24 录用日期:2024-10-16 发布日期:2024-12-17
  • 通讯作者: 张成孝 E-mail:cxzhang@snnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22274126);教育部国家级一流本科课程-仪器分析(2020131417);陕西省本科和高等继续教育教学改革研究项目(23BY031)

Definition and Decreasing Strategies of Uncertainty in Analytical Chemistry

Dongdong Zhang1, Honglan Qi2, Chengxiao Zhang2   

  1. 1 School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China;
    2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
  • Received:2024-07-24 Accepted:2024-10-16 Published:2024-12-17
  • Contact: Chengxiao Zhang E-mail:cxzhang@snnu.edu.cn

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摘要： 国际标准化组织(ISO)在制定的测量不确定度表示指南中，测量不确定度定义为一个与测量结果相关联、表征可以合理归因于被测值离散度的参数。在国内分析化学和药物分析教材中很少涉及不确定度的定义和定量表述。本文介绍了不确定度的定义和量化表达式，剖析了不确定度的内在特征及其影响因素，提出了降低不确定度的一些策略。

关键词: 测量不确定度, 误差, 置信区间, 分析化学, 药物分析

Abstract: Measurement uncertainty is defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as a parameter related with the measurement result that characterizes the dispersion reasonably attributed to the measurand. The definition and quantitative representation of measurement uncertainty, however, are rarely discussed in the textbooks for Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis in China. This paper presents the definition and the quantitative expression of measurement uncertainty, and analyzes its intrinsic characteristics and influencing factors, and proposes strategies to decease measurement uncertainty.

Key words: Measurement uncertainty, Errors, Confidence interval, Analytical chemistry, Pharmaceutical analysis