大学化学

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面向海洋强国与核能资源安全战略的海水提铀案例教学设计与实践

张晴云1, 孔令俊1, 王志方1, 郭俊2, 赵美廷1   

  1. 1 天津大学化学系, 分子聚集态科学研究院, 天津 300072;
    2 天津工业大学化学学院, 天津 300387
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-25 录用日期:2026-08-07
  • 通讯作者: 赵美廷, 郭俊 E-mail:mtzhao@tju.edu.cn;junguo@tiangong.ed Meiting Zhao, Jun Guo
  • 基金资助:
    纺织类“双一流”高校化学学科与纺织学科协同创新改革项目(2026BKJGLX417)；天津市普通高等学校本科教学质量与教学改革研究计划(2025)重点项目(A251005608)

Teaching design and practice of uranium extraction from seawater: a case study aligned with marine power and nuclear energy resource security strategies

Qingyun Zhang1, Lingjun Kong1, Zhifang Wang1, Jun Guo2, Meiting Zhao1   

  1. 1 Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
    2 School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2026-06-25 Accepted:2026-08-07
  • Contact: Meiting Zhao, Jun Guo E-mail:mtzhao@tju.edu.cn;junguo@tiangong.ed

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摘要： 海洋中蕴藏着丰富的铀资源，海水提铀是核能资源开发与海洋资源利用的重要前沿方向。其具有目标浓度低、盐度高、多离子竞争和富集周期长等特点，其核心是在天然海水复杂体系中实现对六价铀U (VI)物种的选择性识别、富集、洗脱再生和环境安全评价，相关内容覆盖多门本科化学课程。针对本科教学中海洋资源化案例不足、吸附与配位知识应用场景有限、学生对海水提铀技术理解较为抽象等问题，本文以海水提铀吸附为主题，设计了面向本科生的案例教学内容。该案例围绕海水中的铀为什么难以直接提取、偕胺肟基团为什么能够识别铀酰物种、五价钒V (V)与高浓度背景离子如何影响吸附选择性、安全教学模型如何帮助理解真实海水提铀过程等问题展开，将前沿科研内容转化为课堂讨论、模型吸附演示、数据分析、文献研读和课程思政素材。通过该案例教学，可帮助学生在真实海洋资源问题中理解配位作用、吸附平衡、选择性识别、材料结构与功能关系等基础知识，提升学生运用化学原理分析国家资源安全和海洋科技问题的能力，并增强其海洋强国意识、绿色发展理念和科学责任感。

关键词: 海水提铀, 吸附材料, 偕胺肟, 海洋资源, 案例教学, 课程思政

Abstract: Seawater contains abundant uranium resources, and uranium extraction from seawater represents a frontier research direction at the intersection of nuclear energy resource development and marine resource utilization. Characterized by an extremely low target concentration, high salinity, multi-ion competition, and prolonged enrichment periods, the core challenge lies in achieving selective recognition and enrichment of U(VI) species within the complex matrix of natural seawater, along with efficient elution, adsorbent regeneration, and environmental safety assessment. This topic is closely relevant to multiple undergraduate chemistry courses. In response to the limited integration of marine resource utilization cases in undergraduate instruction, the restricted application contexts for adsorption and coordination chemistry concepts, and students’ often abstract understanding of seawater uranium extraction technology, this study presents a case-based teaching design centered on uranium adsorption from seawater. The case is structured around key questions: why uranium is difficult to extract directly from seawater, why amidoxime groups can selectively recognize uranyl species, how V(V) and high-concentration background ions affect adsorption selectivity, and how safe teaching models can aid in understanding real-world seawater uranium extraction processes. Cutting-edge research content is transformed into classroom discussions, model adsorption demonstrations, data analysis, literature review exercises, and materials for ideological and political education. Through this case-based teaching approach, students are enabled to grasp fundamental concepts such as coordination interactions, adsorption equilibria, selective recognition, and material structure–function relationships within the context of authentic marine resource challenges. The case also strengthens students’ ability to apply chemical principles to issues of national resource security and marine science and technology, while fostering awareness of maritime development, green chemistry principles, and scientific responsibility.

Key words: Uranium extraction from seawater, Adsorbent materials, Amidoxime, Marine resources, Case-based teaching, Ideological and political education