大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (5): 76-83.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504015

所属专题： 化学实验标准与规范建设

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有机化学升华实验基本操作规范建议

袁呈山1, 刘占祥2, 杜欣3, 韩杰4, 郑媛5, 熊英6, 刘庆文7, 余广鳌8, 吴琳9, 蔡双莲10, 孙兴文11, 张奇涵12, 李厚金13, 张剑荣9, 张树永14   

  1. 1 兰州大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(兰州大学), 兰州 730000;
    2 浙江大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江大学), 杭州 310058;
    3 大连理工大学化学学院, 辽宁 大连 116024;
    4 南开大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学), 天津 300071;
    5 中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026;
    6 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 武汉 430072;
    7 吉林大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(吉林大学), 长春 130012;
    8 华中师范大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心, 绿色农药全国重点实验室, 武汉 430079;
    9 南京大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南京大学), 南京 210023;
    10 湖南大学化学化工学院, 长沙 410082;
    11 复旦大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
    12 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京大学), 北京 100871;
    13 中山大学化学学院, 广州 510006;
    14 山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01 修回日期:2025-04-06 发布日期:2025-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 袁呈山, 李厚金 E-mail:yuancs@lzu.edu.cn;ceslhj@mail.sysu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省2023年高等教育教学成果培育项目(PX-48232736)；兰州大学教育教学改革研究项目；中山大学本科教学质量工程项目；“教育部化学实验教学改革研究虚拟教研室”项目

Standardized Operational Guidelines for Sublimation in Organic Chemistry Experiments

Chengshan Yuan1, Zhanxiang Liu2, Xin Du3, Jie Han4, Yuan Zheng5, Ying Xiong6, Qingwen Liu7, Guangao Yu8, Lin Wu9, Shuanglian Cai10, Xingwen Sun11, Qihan Zhang12, Houjin Li13, Jianrong Zhang9, Shuyong Zhang14   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Lanzhou University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    3 School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    5 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    10 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
    11 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    12 China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    13 School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
    14 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Revised:2025-04-06 Published:2025-05-21
  • Contact: Chengshan Yuan, Houjin Li E-mail:yuancs@lzu.edu.cn;ceslhj@mail.sysu.edu.cn

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摘要： 升华是一种重要的固体物质分离纯化技术，广泛应用于天然产物和合成化合物的精制。由于实验内容、实验条件以及所参考的教材对操作的描述存在差异，实验人员在进行升华实验时往往存在操作不规范的问题，导致产品纯度不合要求、产率降低，实验结果偏差较大，甚至存在安全隐患。本文结合有机化学实验教学与科研实践经验，系统分析了常压升华和减压升华的适用范围和操作要点，提出了规范操作建议，以确保实验的安全性、高效性和可重复性，为同行提供参考。

关键词: 有机化学实验, 升华, 操作规范

Abstract: Sublimation is an important technique for the separation and purification of solid substances, widely used in the refinement of natural products and synthetic compounds. Due to differences in experimental content, conditions, and procedural descriptions in textbooks, experimenters often encounter non-standardized operations during sublimation experiments, leading to insufficient product purity, reduced yields, significant deviations in experimental results, and even safety hazards. Based on experience in organic chemistry laboratory teaching and scientific research practice, this paper systematically analyzes the applicable scope and key operational points of both atmospheric and vacuum sublimation. Furthermore, standardized operational recommendations are proposed to ensure the safety, efficiency, and reproducibility of experiments, providing a valuable reference for researchers in the field.

Key words: Organic chemistry experiment, Sublimation, Standardized operational guideline