大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (5): 84-92.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411045

所属专题： 化学实验标准与规范建设

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有机化学回流实验基本操作规范建议

郑媛1, 李厚金2, 刘占祥3, 吴琳4, 蔡双莲5, 熊英6, 余广鳌7, 孙兴文8, 刘庆文9, 韩杰10, 杜欣11, 袁呈山12, 张奇涵13, 张剑荣4, 张树永14   

  1. 1 中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026;
    2 中山大学化学学院, 广州 510006;
    3 浙江大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江大学), 杭州 310058;
    4 南京大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南京大学), 南京 210023;
    5 湖南大学化学化工学院, 长沙 410082;
    6 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 武汉 430072;
    7 华中师范大学化学学院, 武汉 430079;
    8 复旦大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
    9 吉林大学化学学院, 长春 130023;
    10 南开大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学), 天津 300071;
    11 大连理工大学化学学院, 辽宁 大连 116024;
    12 兰州大学化学化工学院, 兰州 730000;
    13 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京大学), 北京 100871;
    14 山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11 修回日期:2024-12-04 发布日期:2025-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 郑媛, 李厚金 E-mail:yzheng82@ustc.edu.cn;ceslhj@mail.sysu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学技术大学校级重点教改项目(2024xjxm015)；中国科学技术大学校级教改项目(2023xjxm024)；首批教育部虚拟教研室(大学化学实验课程群虚拟教研室)建设项目；2024年教育部实验教学和教学实验室建设研究项目(SYJX2024-100)；广东省本科高校教学质量与教学改革工程建设项目(化学实验教研室)；中山大学本科教学质量工程项目；“教育部化学实验教学改革研究虚拟教研室”项目

Basic Operations and Standardization Suggestions for Organic Chemistry Reflux Experiments

Yuan Zheng1, Houjin Li2, Zhanxiang Liu3, Lin Wu4, Shuanglian Cai5, Ying Xiong6, Guangao Yu7, Xingwen Sun8, Qingwen Liu9, Jie Han10, Xin Du11, Chengshan Yuan12, Qihan Zhang13, Jianrong Zhang4, Shuyong Zhang14   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    2 School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    5 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    7 College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China;
    10 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    11 School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    12 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    13 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    14 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2024-11-11 Revised:2024-12-04 Published:2025-05-21
  • Contact: Yuan Zheng, Houjin Li E-mail:yzheng82@ustc.edu.cn;ceslhj@mail.sysu.edu.cn

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摘要： 回流是有机化学实验的基本内容，大多数有机化学反应和操作(如重结晶)都是在回流条件下完成的。熟练掌握并运用回流操作是高校化学类专业学生必须掌握的基本实验技能。在有机化学实验中，如果回流操作不规范，可能导致实验产率低下，或者实验失败，甚至还可能引发安全事故。本文对有机化学实验中的各种回流操作提出了基本操作规范建议，希望能为国内同行开展实验教学以及科研实践提供参考。

关键词: 有机化学实验, 回流, 操作规范

Abstract: Reflux is a fundamental technique in organic chemistry laboratory. Most organic chemical reactions and operations, such as recrystallization, are conducted under reflux conditions. Mastery of reflux operations is a crucial experimental skill that chemistry students must acquire. In organic chemistry experiments, improper reflux operations can lead to low yields, experimental failures, and even safety incidents. This article provides standard operating suggestions for various reflux operations in organic chemistry laboratory, with the aim of offering guidance for colleagues in China who are engaged in laboratory teaching and scientific research.

Key words: Organic chemistry experiment, Reflux, Standard operating procedure