Abstract: “Can a cell be artificially synthesized?” This question stands among the 125 major scientific inquiries highlighted by the journal Science in 2021. To unravel the mysteries of the origin of life and address the fundamental scientific challenges, scientists have developed artificial cells as biomimetic materials mimicking the structure and functions of biological cells. Delving into artificial cells not only aids in understanding cellular mechanisms but also bridges the gap between non-living and living systems, offering insights and foundations for research into the origin of life and related fields. Phospholipid vesicles, particularly widely applied as artificial cells, hold vast potential in biomedical applications. This article, inspired by the classic tale of “Journey to the West”, narrates how phospholipid vesicles, aided by the Monkey King’s keen vision, combat cancer cells. It details the design, preparation, functionalities, and therapeutic applications of phospholipid-vesicle-based artificial cells, aiming to enhance readers’ understanding and stimulate further exploration of this transformative technology.

Key words: Artificial cells, Phospholipid vesicles, Giant vesicles, Cancer cells, Targeted treatment, Immunotherapy