基础无机化学“物质状态”课程设计怎样解决“衔接-基础-提升”矛盾

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202207014

Abstract

Abstract:

The content of "State of Matter" is not only the connection between the university and the high school curriculum, but also the basic knowledge of basic inorganic chemistry. At the same time, this course content should be advanced, innovative, and challenging. Thus, we believe that the title of this chapter "State of Matter and Crystal Structure of Matter" is conducive to solving these contradictions. The course content is designed into three modules of "state of aggregation of matter", "three states of matter" and "microstructure of crystal".

Key words: State of aggregation of matter, Crystal structure, Cohesion, Contradiction, Content module reorganization

Quanguo Zhai, Shuni Li, Lingling Wei, Yucheng Jiang, Lingxiang Gao, Mancheng Hu, Shengli Gao. How to Solve the Contradiction of "Cohesion-Foundation-Promotion" in the Course Design of "State of Matter" in Basic Inorganic Chemistry[J].University Chemistry, 2022, 37(11): 2207014.

Figures/Tables 3

模块单元	内容	建议讲授方式	内容扩充和意义
1. 物质的聚集状态	1.1物质聚集状态的多样性 1.1.1一种新的热力学稳定的冰相XV的发现 1.1.2挤压孤对：黑磷中的α-P17到α-P7压力诱导相变 1.1.3魔角石墨烯超晶格中的非常规超导性 1.2物态与温度的关系 1.2.1超导态 1.2.2超流态 1.2.3等离子体 1.2.4物质第五态——玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 1.3物态与压力的关系 1.3.1恒星演化与黑洞 1.3.2高压下的物相转换 1.3.3冰在负压下的压强-温度相图	①以提供典型事例和文献为主；引导学生分析、发现问题，判断、评价问题 ②拟采用归纳法，提升认知和发散思维	①增加一定的知识宽度和深度 ②提出“物质聚集状态”新概念及外力场作用 ③突出相图应用，具有一定的“两性一度” ④突出中国科学家贡献，起到学科视野、价值引领、家国情怀等思政教育
1. 物质的聚集状态	历史事件回顾：高温超导研究	专题讲座与沙龙	科学素养、家国情怀提高
2. 物质的常见三态	2.1气体 2.1.1理想气体状态方程 2.1.2实际气体状态方程 2.1.3分压定律和分体积定律 2.1.4气体扩散定律 2.1.5气体分子运动论 2.1.6气体的液化 2.2溶液和液体 2.2.1液体状态 2.2.2溶液浓度的表示方法 2.2.3稀溶液的依数性 2.3固体 2.3.1晶体 2.3.2非晶体	①详略适当，有所为有所不为，注意与高中的衔接；保证基本面知识完整 ②注意概念和定义之准确 ③有一定深度提高 ④宜线上线下配合 ⑤图解法有利	①气体扩散定律的新应用 ②气体的液化 ③稀溶液的依数性 ④国际单位制的更新 ⑤ X射线结构分析法是研究晶体结构的必要，也是后续课程的必备 ⑥科学世界观、学科视野、思维方式等思政教育
2. 物质的常见三态	历史事件回顾：阿伏加德罗定律的发展、第一个精测水三相点的物理化学家黄子卿研究无机化学的物理方法介绍：X射线结构分析	专题讲座与沙龙	①学科视野、家国情怀思政教育 ②应用技术训练
3. 晶体的微观结构	3.1完美晶体的微观结构特征 3.1.1几个基本概念 3.1.2晶系和空间点阵排列形式 3.1.3晶面 3.2晶体的基本性质 3.2.1原子晶体 3.2.2分子晶体 3.2.3离子晶体 3.2.4金属晶体 3.3晶体缺陷简介 3.3.1概念 3.3.2缺陷产生的原因 3.3.3缺陷的分类 3.4准晶体简介 3.4.1概念 3.4.2准晶的发现 3.4.3准晶的分类 3.4.4准晶的制备 3.4.5准晶的应用 3.4.6准晶发现和研究的意义	①重点在3.1.2和3.1.3小节，这是无机化学和结构化学的基础，详讲 ② 3.3和3.4小节为知识扩充，有一定难度。然而无机化学的主要任务是制备新物质，特别是后续学习和研究先进功能材料，所以3.3是必备知识，反映了知识一定的高阶性	①在高中基础上增加一定的晶体结构知识，反映了大一知识的“高阶性、创新性和挑战度” ②凸显最新理论，最新研究成果，最新前沿介绍 ③学科视野、科学素养、思维方式思政教育

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How to Solve the Contradiction of "Cohesion-Foundation-Promotion" in the Course Design of "State of Matter" in Basic Inorganic Chemistry

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