University Chemistry ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 172-181.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507043

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Suggestions on Operational Standards for Heating and Heating Instruments (Part IV): Microwave Heating and the Use of Microwave Ovens, Microwave Reactor and Microwave Digester

Jinmei Zhou1, Huamin Li1, Yiru Wang1, Wenwei Zhang2, Xiuqiong Zeng3, Juanjuan Song4, Yongxian Fan5, Dongcheng Liu6, Yanping Ren1, Faqiong Zhao7, Mei Shi8, Min Hu9, Wan Li10, Xiuyun Wang11, Weihong Li12, Xiaohang Qiu13, Yong Fan14, Jianrong Zhang2, Shuyong Zhang15   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China;
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Inner Mongolia Minzu University), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;
    5 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education (Zhejiang University of Technology), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Guangxi Normal University), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    9 School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
    10 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    11 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Dalian University of Technology), School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    12 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    13 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    14 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    15 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-07-21 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: Yiru Wang, Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang E-mail:yrwang@xmu.edu.cn;ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

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Abstract: Heating is a fundamental and ubiquitous operation in chemical laboratory practices. This article systematically outlines the proper utilization protocols and safety precautions for three key microwave-based heating devices: microwave ovens, microwave reactors, and microwave digestion instruments. The content is designed to serve as a practical reference for students, educators, and researchers engaged in chemical experimentation, teaching, and scientific investigation.

Key words: Chemical experiment, Microwave heating, Microwave oven, Microwave reactor, Microwave digester, Operation standards