大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (5): 55-65.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410039

所属专题： 化学实验标准与规范建设

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有机化学萃取与洗涤实验基本操作规范建议

刘占祥1, 袁呈山2, 韩杰3, 蔡双莲4, 张奇涵5, 吴琳6, 郑媛7, 孙兴文8, 刘庆文9, 熊英10, 余广鳌11, 杜欣12, 李厚金13, 张剑荣6, 张树永14   

  1. 1 浙江大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江大学), 杭州 310058;
    2 兰州大学化学化工学院, 兰州 730000;
    3 南开大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学), 天津 300071;
    4 湖南大学化学化工学院, 长沙 410082;
    5 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京大学), 北京 100871;
    6 南京大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南京大学), 南京 210023;
    7 中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026;
    8 复旦大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
    9 吉林大学化学学院, 长春 130012;
    10 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 武汉 430072;
    11 华中师范大学化学学院, 武汉 430079;
    12 大连理工大学化学学院, 辽宁 大连 116024;
    13 中山大学化学学院, 广州 510006;
    14 山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10 修回日期:2024-10-22 发布日期:2025-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 刘占祥, 李厚金 E-mail:liuzhanx@zju.edu.cn;ceslhj@mail.sysu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省高等教育“十四五”教学改革项目(jg20220012)；浙江省高等学校课程思政示范课程；浙江大学大学本科教学创新实践项目；“教育部化学实验教学改革研究虚拟教研室”项目

Recommendations for Basic Operations and Standards for Organic Chemical Extraction and Washing Experiments

Zhanxiang Liu1, Chengshan Yuan2, Jie Han3, Shuanglian Cai4, Qihan Zhang5, Lin Wu6, Yuan Zheng7, Xingwen Sun8, Qingwen Liu9, Ying Xiong10, Guangao Yu11, Xin Du12, Houjin Li13, Jianrong Zhang6, Shuyong Zhang14   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    2 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    4 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
    5 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    9 College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    10 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    11 College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;
    12 School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    13 School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
    14 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2024-10-10 Revised:2024-10-22 Published:2025-05-21
  • Contact: Zhanxiang Liu, Houjin Li E-mail:liuzhanx@zju.edu.cn;ceslhj@mail.sysu.edu.cn

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摘要： 萃取、洗涤及干燥实验是有机化学实验的基本内容。熟练掌握并运用萃取和洗涤操作分离和纯化有机化合物是高校化学类专业学生必须掌握的基本实验技能。由于缺乏统一明确的操作规范，在实际的教学与实验过程中，可能造成实验结果的偏差、试剂的浪费，甚至可能引发安全事故。本文针对有机化学中的萃取、洗涤及后续干燥实验提出了基本操作与规范建议，希望能为国内同行开展实验教学以及科研实践提供参考。

关键词: 有机化学实验, 萃取, 洗涤, 干燥, 操作规范

Abstract: Extraction, washing, and drying are fundamental components of organic chemistry laboratory. Proficiently mastering and applying extraction and washing techniques to separate and purify organic compounds is an essential experimental skill that chemistry undergraduates must acquire. Due to the lack of unified and clear operating standards, actual teaching and experimental processes may lead to deviations in results, reagent waste, and even safety incidents. This article provides basic operational guidelines and standard recommendations for extraction, washing, and subsequent drying experiments in organic chemistry, aiming to serve as a reference for domestic colleagues engaged in laboratory teaching and scientific research.

Key words: Organic chemistry experiment, Extraction, Washing, Drying, Operational standard