Abstract: This article comprehensively elaborates on the history, current situation, and various influences of CO₂, deeply explores the physical and chemical utilization methods of CO₂, and focuses on sorting out the development course of CO₂ chemistry, including the key reaction mechanisms of CO₂. At the same time, it describes in detail the efforts made by mankind to advance the “dual carbon” goal from different perspectives, aiming to present to readers the important role of CO₂ in the evolution of the Earth, scientific research, social development, as well as human actions and explorations in response to climate change.

Key words: Carbon dioxide, Greenhouse gas, Dual carbon goal, CO₂ chemistry