无机化学中“酸碱解离”教学内容的重构探讨

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307078

Abstract

Abstract:

Guided by the idea of an organic integration of knowledge, ability, and quality in quality-oriented education, the acid-base dissociation content in Inorganic Chemistry teaching is reorganized to construct a new curriculum design module. The restructured content expands into 5 modules, including electrolyte solution fundamentals, acid-base theory, acid-base strength, dissociation equilibrium of weak acids and weak bases, and fundamental concepts of acid-base titration and error. The reconstruction of the teaching content is progressive while ensuring a comprehensive foundation of knowledge, aiming to facilitate students' development in terms of professional abilities.

Key words: Electrolyte, Acid-base theory, Acid-base balance, Error, Curriculum restructuring

Shuni Li, Quanguo Zhai, Ying Wang, Wenyu Yuan, Peng Zhang, Mancheng Hu, Shengli Gao. Exploration of the Reconstruction of "Acid-Base Dissociation" Teaching Content in Inorganic Chemistry[J].University Chemistry, 2024, 39(1): 57-62.

Figures/Tables 3

模块单元	内容及核心点	讲授设计策略	主要设计特点
1. 电解质溶液基础(线上学习)	内容：1.1电解质概念；1.2电解质溶液；1.3非缔合式电解质理论；1.4离子缔合；1.5电解质的活度；1.6电解质溶液的电导；1.7离子在溶液中的迁移；1.8锂电池中的电解质溶液历史事件回顾1. 电解质溶液体系活度系数的主要测定方法简介核心点：基本概念和定义的发展；电解质溶液的活度及活度系数	通过线上视频的方式学习，以发展史实简明扼要讲解，以酸碱学习中的实例引入活度和活度系数的初步概念	1.以背景问题提示引导学生带着问题学习；2.精选事例制表、图穿插，有利于阐释概念；3.精选事例，了解电解质溶液在化学化工以及其他领域的应用。凸显理论与实际相结合，培养科学素养(实践能力、创新能力)
2. 酸碱理论概述(1课时)	内容：2.1酸碱理论；2.2非水溶剂简介；2.3超强酸；2.4超强碱核心点：酸碱理论广度和深度的扩展；非水溶剂的拉平效应和区分效应；超强酸碱的定义、类型和应用	线下详讲：简史导读、明确概念；以不同实例图解了解超强酸碱的应用	设计酸碱概念-实例导图，例证解析-明确概念-思考题/例题讨论-明晰准确概念；从历史中凸显科学家的贡献，学习科学家的研究理念和思路
3. 酸碱强度(2课时)	内容：3.1质子酸的酸性强弱；3.2影响质子酸酸性的因素；3.3路易斯电子酸碱强度的量度核心点：酸碱强度的评判依据；酸强度的热力学讨论；酸碱强度的影响因素	线下详讲：精选事例制表、图穿插，有利于科学解析和阐释概念	培养学生建立思维方式、学科体系、学术体系、学科思维
3. 酸碱强度(2课时)	软硬酸碱原理的应用	专题讲座：软硬酸碱原理在各个领域的应用	结合已学知识，设问式提出解决方案，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力
4. 水溶液中弱酸、弱碱的解离平衡(2课时)	内容：4.1一元弱酸、弱碱的解离平衡；4.2一元弱酸弱碱水溶液化学平衡的计算；4.3同离子效应与盐效应；4.4酸碱平衡移动；4.5缓冲溶液；4.6酸碱指示剂核心点：H⁺浓度和OH⁻浓度计算的准确式、近似式和最简式	通过习题计算、提问、讨论，多方面理解溶液中的解离平衡	培养学生的理解力、思考力和判断力以及激发创造能力
4. 水溶液中弱酸、弱碱的解离平衡(2课时)	历史事件回顾2. 弱酸解离常数测定方法简介	专题讲座：结合实验讲解	各种方法测定pK_a的热力学方法或者实验的方法
5. 酸碱滴定和误差基本概念(线上学习)	5.1酸碱滴定分析；5.2滴定分析中的误差核心点：滴定的可行性、终点误差的计算	通过线上视频的方式学习，突出无机化学和分析化学之间的联系，通过实例讲解，帮助同学理解酸碱平衡；了解分析测试的不确定度来源及计算方法	培养学生的理解力、思考力和判断力以及激发创造能力；通过基础课培养学生科研素质
5. 酸碱滴定和误差基本概念(线上学习)	历史事件回顾3. 分析测试的不确定度简介		培养学生的理解力、思考力和判断力以及激发创造能力；通过基础课培养学生科研素质

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液体超强酸(比例)	酸强度H₀	液体超强酸(比例)	酸强度H₀
HF	−10.2	FSO₃H-SO₃ (1 : 0.1)	−15.52
BF₃-H₂O (1 : 1)	−11.4	FSO₃H-AsF₅ (1 : 0.005)	−16.61
H₂SO₄	−11.93	FSO₃H-TaF₅ (1 : 0.2)	−16.7
H₂SO₄-SO₃ (1 : 0.2)	−13.41	FSO₃H-SbF₅ (1 : 0.05)	−18.24
HF-SbF₅ (1 : 0.008)	−13.5	HF-TaF₅	−18.85
ClSO₃H	−13.8	FSO₃H-SbF₅ (1 : 0.1)	−18.94
HF-SbF₅ (1 : 0.06)	−14.3	FSO₃H-SbF₅-3SO₃ (1 : 0.07)	−19.35
H₂SO₄-SO₃ (1 : 1)	−14.44	FSO₃H-SbF₅ (1 : 0.2)	−20
FSO₃H	−15.07	HF-SbF₅ (1 : 0.03)	−20.3
HF-SbF₅ (1 : 0.14)	−15.3	HF-SbF₅	−24.33

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Exploration of the Reconstruction of "Acid-Base Dissociation" Teaching Content in Inorganic Chemistry

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