Abstract: With the rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and flexible electronics, wearable sensors have gained extensive applications in healthcare monitoring, sports evaluation, and related fields. However, conventional wearable devices often depend on external power sources, facing limitations such as restricted battery life and high maintenance costs, which significantly hinder their further development. To address these challenges, self-powered technologies have emerged as a prominent research focus. This article examines various approaches including triboelectric effects, thermoelectric and pyroelectric effects, photovoltaic conversion, and humidity-driven power generation. These methods facilitate the conversion of mechanical energy from human motion, environmental thermal and light energy, or chemical energy activated by bodily perspiration into electrical energy, thereby providing autonomous power solutions for wearable devices. Furthermore, by incorporating flexible energy storage components such as batteries and supercapacitors, stable and continuous power supply for wearable systems can be achieved. These strategies present innovative solutions to reduce reliance on external power sources in wearable technology.

Key words: Self-powered, Wearable sensors, Energy harvesting, Energy storage, Flexible electronics, Energy management