Abstract: Structural color arises from light reflection and interference phenomena in micro-nano architectures, a phenomenon ubiquitously observed in nature, exemplified by butterfly wings and avian plumage. Distinguished from conventional pigments, structural coloration demonstrates superior stability and environmental compatibility, rendering it valuable for applications in anti-counterfeiting technologies, optical sensing, and biomimetic materials. This research employs temperature-responsive microgels as model systems, guiding students through controlled synthesis and colloidal crystal self-assembly processes to systematically explore the fundamental mechanisms and modulation principles of structural color formation. Monodisperse crosslinked microgels with excellent thermoresponsive properties were synthesized via free-radical precipitation polymerization, enabling precise control over aqueous self-assembly through temperature modulation. The pedagogical framework seamlessly integrates material synthesis, structural characterization, and optical property evaluation, complemented by interactive science communication components. This comprehensive approach effectively stimulates students' research curiosity while cultivating scientific reasoning and innovative capacities.

Key words: Structural color, Colloidal crystal, Microgel, Self-assembly