Curriculum system is the carrier of talent training. In order to better cultivate top-notch innovative talents, according to the characteristics and development tendency of chemistry discipline, a new experimental curriculum system of "Chemical Experiment Basis to Chemical Synthesis and Characterization plus Chemical Principle and Measurement to Experiments on Chemical Functional Molecules plus Comprehensive Experiments of Chemical Biology and Project-based Research Experiment" is constructed based on the internal connection and research law of scientific content in the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education at Nanjing University. The experimental teaching content is optimized as requested by first-class curriculum construction (high order, innovation and challenge), and the corresponding experimental teaching platform is established. The new curriculum system comprehensively considers the integrity of the first-level discipline of chemistry and the intersections of related disciplines, and is implemented to the students of "National basic subject talent training plan" and "Strengthening basic disciplines plan" at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, with remarkable teaching effect.

In recent years, the reformation of chemical experiment teaching has made great achievements. The current situation of the design of the new chemical experiments is analyzed. The direction of topic selection, design method, teaching practice and evaluation of the new experiments in the future are discussed. This paper is expected to have reference value for peers.

University chemical experiment course is a comprehensive practical training link to train talents of materials, chemistry, chemical engineering and other majors to apply basic operation and theory to solve practical problems. This paper discusses the bottleneck of the current university chemical experiment development due to the large-scale, professional, high cost, fast update and other factors, designs the online and offline mixed experimental teaching mode, carries out the corresponding software and hardware construction, and carries out the reform and exploration of online and offline mixed experimental teaching mode. The teaching mode has good teaching effect, and can be copied and popularized, which provides a useful reference for the cultivation of innovative talents and the innovation of experimental teaching.

In the teaching process of inorganic element chemistry laboratory, "the cultivation of ability to find beauty" in the connotation of "aesthetic education" was taken as an integrating point. In pursuit of beautiful experimental results, students had a sense of achievement, and then trained and improved their own basic laboratory skills spontaneously. This was the transfer role of aesthetic education. Students would continue to discover more "beauty" in other experiments after the reaction principle of "cocktail" was explored. Therefore, they could develop the quality of circumspection, patience and perseverance gradually. At the same time, under the background of new National Matriculation Test and new source of students, it would play a positive role and far-reaching influence on freshmen's cognition of major and professional identity due to the improvement of chemistry learning interest.

Analysis of cement clinkers is a traditional comprehensive experiment that involves the theory and practical application of gravimetric analysis and complexometric titration. Based on several internet platforms, online and offline mixed teaching was explored for effective experimental instruction, a shortened lecture time, and fairly graded experimental data. This method strengthens students' overall accomplishments, pre-lab study abilities, and innovative spirits, while the quality of teaching and impact have improved.

Graduate teaching assistants are important supplement to the undergraduate teaching resources. Many new practices based on GB/T 19028−2018 were introduced to improve teaching performance of graduate teaching assistants for laboratory teaching at universities. The quality management system was used to enhance the training, guidance, management and evaluation of the graduate teaching assistants. Laboratory managers were advised to transform their ideas with the guidelines on people involvement and competence.

In order to promote the integration of theory and experiment teaching of titration analysis, based on the experience of online teaching mode during the epidemic period, we practiced the virtual experiment classroom teaching mode assisted by micro teaching assistant for teaching of titration analysis. This teaching mode is flexible and free from the restriction of administrative class division and theory and experiment teaching sequence, which can effectively improve the efficiency of experimental teaching and promote the integration of theory and experiment teaching.

Based on the requirements for the cultivation of first-class innovative talents and the characteristics of analytical chemistry experiment course, this paper introduces how to integrate the concept of planning and management into the teaching of analytical chemistry experiment, so as to cultivate students' overall planning ability, expand the educational function of chemical experiment course, and realize both knowledge and skill teaching as well as comprehensive ability cultivation. Finally, the education concept for the cultivation of innovative talents will be implemented.

In view of the existing problems of laboratory teaching in the cultivation of innovative talents, this paper introduces the reform and practice on laboratory teaching of physical chemistry at the School of Chemistry, Beihang University. Online teaching is flexible and not limited by space and time, and offline teaching aims at cultivation of operating ability and scientific literacy. We carried out online and offline integrated research-oriented teaching, including progressive teaching content design, personalized experimental operation guidance and training, scientific research paper report summary, topic presentation and discussion. By combining theoretical methods, virtual operation, practical training and summary discussion, giving full play to the advantages of teachers' guidance and students' main body, multi-dimensional cultivation and improvement of students' scientific literacy, innovative thinking and comprehensive innovation ability, this reform provides beneficial reference for improving the quality of laboratory teaching and promoting the cultivation of innovative talents.

Organic chemistry experiment is a basic compulsory experimental course for students majoring in chemistry, chemical engineering, pharmacy, and other modernized majors. It enhances students' practical abilities and cultivates innovative thinking. This article uses eight specific experiments as examples for the construction of organic chemistry experiment courses and the reform of teaching content to satisfy changes in talent training specifications. Experimental teaching has developed from the early simple simulation process, identification of nature, and basic operational experiments to the existing three-level "basic normative experiment—comprehensive design experiment—research exploratory experiment". This involves a more in-depth experimental teaching method, of which the content is more substantial and the methods novel; this is conducive to broadening the knowledge of students. This method has greatly improved the quality of teaching and the level of teaching and research by teachers.

To cultivate students' innovative ability and practical ability, as well as to help them comprehensively master the theoretical knowledge and experimental skills of organic synthesis experiments, teaching exploration and practice of combining research and systematicness in organic synthesis laboratories have been carried out. In the process of designing the curriculum and teaching, we should implement ideas, methods, and teaching reforms that are student-centric. From the viewpoint of enhancing teaching reforms, teaching methods, assessment methods, and other teaching links that explore research, science, and education integration should be combined with the actual classroom teaching, advocate heuristic, and inquiry teaching methods. The implementation of a research-oriented teaching mode effectively stimulated the enthusiasm of students' independent research-oriented learning, improved their comprehensive practical ability, and established a clear correlation between laboratory teaching and scientific research.

Chemistry degrees should provide effective preparation and education for scientific professionals. Specifically, this accreditation highlights the importance of experimental planning and design skills. We embedded such activities in the organic chemistry laboratory course and developed an effective approach specifically for second-year undergraduates. Herein, we present a workshop utilizing the synthesis of acetylferrocene, aiming to teach students how to apply fundamental principles and literatures to plan and design a series of experiments. In this workshop, we used student-centered, guided, and inquiry-based research projects. Students were required to address a series of research questions or problems on the design and synthesis of acetylferrocene using both fundamental principles and literatures. Skepticism was highly valued and students were encouraged to design and perform control experiments to test their hypotheses, contradictory to those in the textbook. This activity is expected to provide a creative platform for second-year undergraduates to develop enhanced skills necessary to become successful scientific professionals.

Undergraduate laboratory course is important for understanding the theoretical knowledge. In order to improve undergraduates' rational understanding of experimental theory and skills, and enhance their awareness and interests in autonomous learning, this paper puts forward the methods of "theory query" and "step adjustment" to encourage students to give a full play to their creative thinking and improve their lab skill. This method has been practiced in the organic chemistry laboratory under the guidance of the authors. As a result, the enthusiasm of students in the experimental process has been significantly improved; more scientific problems and new ideas have been put forward for the rationality and continuous improvement of the experimental method, and the truth that "it is better to believe than not to have books" has been understood.

Chemical biology comprehensive experiment is an integrative laboratory course designed for junior/senior undergraduate students, with the intention of linking undergraduate-postgraduate laboratory teaching in chemical biology. Based on the interdisciplinary feature of chemical biology, we firstly designed the laboratory teaching contents as a mixed online/offline-six-module didactics, and then applied the teaching methodology in real undergraduate laboratory course. With a decent teaching results at hand, we believe this course design will be a good paradigm for other comprehensive experimental courses.

There are many parameters for converting methanol to gasoline, and the time required for catalyst loading in the fixed bed reactor or the cooling process after the reaction is long. It is impossible for a group of students to obtain the experimental parameters in a limited lab class time. So, the experimental method of "large group discussion first, then small group experiment" was put forward. Through this practice, students can not only master the basic experimental skills, but also obtain the complete experimental data for the conversion of methanol to gasoline. This practice has stimulated the students' interests in the experiment, improved the teaching efficiency, and finally achieved good results.

In the current era of new media, although two-dimensional code and public account technologies have been generally mature, their in-depth applications in chemical experiment teaching and laboratory management are still in the exploratory period. Based on the characteristics of chemistry experimental teaching in college, the applications and existing problems of two-dimensional code and public account in the teaching and management of chemical experiment are analyzed and explored. Starting from both the students and the teachers, the combination of these two auxiliary technologies not only promotes the overall operating efficiency and management level of the experimental teaching platform, but also mobilizes the subjective initiative of the students while giving full play to the leading role of the teacher. The learning effect and practical teaching effect are becoming more and more remarkable, which provides help for the reform of domestic chemical experiment teaching.

A university laboratory is in an important position to "build morality and cultivate people", and the laboratory staff team can realize "three complete education". During the rapid development of colleges and universities, multiple tasks are assigned for the construction and management of the experimental team, while the individuals in the experimental team lack clear development prospects and goals. Research into professionalization of the experimental team is required for the development of colleges and universities. This paper proposes professionalization of the experimental team to adapt to the development of colleges and universities, to define the specific measures used to select the professional development path of the experimental team, to promote the stability of the experimental team, to strengthen the effective role of the experimental team in the governance structure of colleges and universities, and to enhance connections. This will contribute to the educational function of university laboratories and improve the quality of students, which provides strong support for the rapid development of colleges and universities.

Laboratory teaching is an important part of talent training, scientific research and discipline construction in universities. And the optimal allocation of resources is crucial for the laboratory teaching. This article analyzes the problems in the allocation of resources in the inorganic chemistry laboratory at Tianjin University and related solutions, such as setting up general chemistry laboratory courses, so that students are not limited to chemistry, using graduate teaching assistants and student volunteers to reduce lab staff workload, opening laboratory equipment resources, and holding chemical and chemical engineering skills competitions. It is expected to provide reference for the reasonable allocation of resources in other university laboratories.

Laboratory safety is an important part in the process of chemistry laboratory teaching, and it is also one of the key tasks of every school at all levels. A five-in-one laboratory safety mechanism, including laboratory technology lecture, laboratory safety and environmental protection class, safety explanation and demonstration in the process of experimental project implementation, emergency evacuation drill in laboratory accidents and laboratory fire drill, has been gradually formed after many years of teaching and exploration at the Experimental Teaching Center of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Engineering. These measures greatly improve the safety awareness of students in the lab class, ensure the experiment proceeded in safely and stably, and ensure a good order of campus teaching effectively. This paper analyzes the above "five-in-one" chemistry laboratory safety education teaching mode, hoping to explore how to ensure the safety of chemistry laboratory teaching with all colleagues.

Owing to the frequent occurrence of major accidents involving hazardous chemicals in university laboratories, the management of hazardous chemicals has become an important issue when considering safety management in university laboratories. Taking Zhengzhou University as an example, this paper examines and analyzes the problems that exist in the management of hazardous laboratory chemicals considering its procurement, storage, distribution, use, and waste collection, explores the construction of a safety management system for hazardous chemicals, and introduces ideas for the construction and specific determination of an integrated platform for the procurement and management of hazardous chemicals. This system effectively realizes management of the entire life cycle of hazardous chemicals, and ensures safe operation during teaching and scientific research at the school.

Organic chemistry laboratory is a required course to cultivate students to master the basic lab skills and technology and improve their hands-on ability. Complex waste liquid was produced in the organic chemical laboratory. Although the environmental awareness of teachers and students is strong, laboratory waste liquid can be collected in the classification for processing by qualified companies. However, the cost is high, completely relying on environmental protection company processing. Then we try to treat the organic chemical laboratory waste liquid in the laboratory. The individual who produces waste must handle it. It can effectively reduce the treatment cost of waste liquid, and realize the recycling of organic reagents.

Currently, there are several hidden dangers in the temporary reagent inventories of university chemistry teaching laboratories. However, the general volumes of these inventories are small; thus, they are easily ignored by managers, which can result in accidents. This paper describes a practical approach to the transformation of reagent libraries by considering the practical situation at the chemical laboratory reagent library of the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (USTC).This approach provides a reference for the transformation of reagent libraries at other universities to comply to the relevant laws, regulations, and national standards.

To effectively solve the problems of teaching chemical and chemical engineering experiments that are difficult to illustrate, the center for virtual simulation experimental teaching for chemistry and chemical engineering at Heilongjiang University was established. This is an open and information-shared virtual simulation experimental teaching network platform for experimental teaching and management. A series of chemical engineering, pharmaceutical, and instrumental analysis virtual simulation experimental teaching projects were designed and developed. The four-dimensional course system consists of theory courses, massive online open courses, offline experimental courses, and virtual simulation experiments. It is expected to enhance first-class undergraduate majors, top-notch talent experimental classes, and the training of undergraduate talents, as well as provide a strong guarantee for improving the quality of undergraduate teaching.

In situ variable temperature X-ray diffraction is a comprehensive and innovative experimental project in physics, chemistry and other related disciplines. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an in situ variable temperature X-ray diffraction virtual simulation experiment system based on the guiding ideology of "combining virtual and real experiments, replacing the reality with the virtual". This system completely simulates the actual experimental scenes of instrument recognition, sample testing, data calculation and application, etc. Teaching adopts online and offline combination of virtual and reality teaching methods, which cultivates students' comprehensive ability and advanced thinking to use large instruments to solve complex problems.

Two types of photovoltaic cells, which are solid-state p-n junction photovoltaic cell and N719 dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell, can be fabricated in a general chemistry lab by simple chemical methods. Some basic chemical principles involved are also discussed for further expanding in upper-division curriculum.

In the teaching process of "elemental chemistry experiments", freshmen may have some "abnormal" experimental results that deviate from the expected results or theoretical analysis due to the lack of consideration of the effects of temperature, catalyst, acidity, concentration or reagent dosage. Herein, some "abnormal" phenomena encountered by students in Mn elemental chemistry experiments are analyzed and summarized. The vivid and intuitive experimental demonstrations guide students to explore the possible causes of "abnormal" phenomena, to intuitively understand the effect of reaction conditions on the outcome of the reaction and to cultivate the students' ability of observation, analysis, judgment, induction, reasoning, and practical problem-solving.

Based on the understanding of the thermochromic phenomenon and mechanism of some Co(II) compounds, the problem "situation" was created according to the situation. Namely, through vivid and intuitive demonstration experiments, students are guided to further understand the thermochromic phenomenon of some Cr(III) compounds and its influencing factors, and to explore and explain the thermochromic mechanism. It also furtherly cultivate the students' ability of observation, analysis, judgment, induction, reasoning, summary and exploration of laws and "critical" thinking.

For chemistry experimental teaching, using the common medicine in daily life as the experimental object can greatly arouse students' interest in chemistry learning. Nasalcare is a commonly commercial nasal detergent which mainly contains sodium chloride, citric acid and sodium citrate, representing a typical mixture of inorganic substances and organic substances. In this paper, a quantitative analysis method for the composition analyses of Nasalcare is designed, and the rationality is verified by experiments. This work is anticipated to provide the methodological guidance for the involvement of compositional analyses of Nasalcare experiment into the university analytical chemistry experiment class. Through this experiment, students can not only master the basic laboratory skills, such as constant weight of crucible and precipitation titration, but also have a better understanding of the method of quantitative analysis of data.

The preparation of chiral binaphthol is a common experiment in colleges and universities, and the determination of enantiomeric purity is an important part of the experiment. The Bull-James Assembly between binaphthol and a mixture of 2-formylphenylboronic acid and (S)-(-)-1-phenylethylamine as chiral reagent was observed. Based on this, an experiment was designed to determine the enantiomer purity of binaphthol via ¹H NMR. The results show that the enantiomer purity of (±)-BINOL can be accurately calculated from the NMR signals of the enantiomer mixture generated by the reaction. There is a good linear relationship (R²=0.9999) between the (R)-BINOL ratio calculated from the selected proton signal and the given ee value. This method can quickly complete the measurement of a large number of student samples, and produce a small amount of waste liquid. Students can have a further understanding of NMR technology through this experiment.

Raman Spectroscopy is an important characterization technique due to its ability to provide fingerprint information about materials. The experiment starts with instructive measurements on sample from scientific research. Undergraduate students can not only obtain a deep understanding of the principles of Raman spectroscopy but also gain a sense of discovery characteristic of real research experiences. The striking results could successfully pique the students' interests, which motivate students to investigate more detailed explorations in this area. The students were provided opportunity to "discover" the phenomena by a careful analysis of sample based on their interests, which allows the students to become familiar with operation and data analysis process. Therefore, the experiment could effectively improve students' learning initiative and research skills, which have excellent pedagogical value.

From the aspects of experimental device, experimental system, solution preparation, and data measurement, comprehensive exploration of the classical physical chemistry experiment "gas-liquid equilibrium phase diagram of a binary liquid system" was carried out. The consumption of experimental reagents was reduced, the experimental time was shortened, the operability and reproducibility of the experiment was improved, and the potential safety hazards in the experimental process were eliminated. After several years of engineering experiment teaching practice, these improvement measures are shown to enhance students' understanding of the low-carbon environmental protection concept, improve the experimental process experience, and strengthen the innovative effect of classical experiments. By guiding students to deeply understand the basic theory of gas-liquid phase equilibrium, these measures will help cultivate students' innovative thinking and obtain good experimental teaching evaluation.

Ni(OH)₂ has many advantages as an electrode material for supercapacitors, including a high theoretical specific capacitance, abundant sources, and that it is environmentally friendly. However, its low conductivity significantly limits its electrochemical properties. An effective method to address this issue is through the in situ growth of Ni(OH)₂ on a conductive carbon cloth substrate. Herein, we propose a comprehensive chemical experiment that includes the synthesis of Ni(OH)₂ on carbon cloth, characterization of the electrode materials, and determination of its electrochemical properties. Such a comprehensive experiment will strengthen students' understanding of the chemical equilibrium principle applied in material synthesis, expose them to additional characterization methods and advanced electrochemical analysis methods, such as cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charging and discharging, establish basic theoretical knowledge of electrochemistry, and enhance their laboratory skills and comprehensive ability. In addition, this experiment can also assist students to understand the frontier of energy storage technology, stimulate their interest in scientific research, and cultivate their awareness of scientific research innovations. Therefore, this experiment is suitable for use as a college chemistry experiment.

The primary electrochemistry and colloid chemistry are the important components of physical chemistry for undergraduate students. On the basis of the nanostructured metal colloids system, a comprehensive chemistry experiment is proposed, which is about synthesis of nanostructured Ag/Au colloidal sols via the direct electrochemical reduction method with the assistance of a surfactant. In addition to the analysis of typical extinction via the UV-Visible spectroscopy, the cyclic voltammetry method is used to understand the effect of the surfactant and reveal the formation process of metal colloids. Such a comprehensive experiment is efficient to not only promote the understanding on the fundamental knowledge of electrochemistry and colloid chemistry, but also enhance the laboratory skill, which is adopted to the laboratory courses for the students majored in chemistry and related.

To further improve the undergraduates' experimental skills in organic synthesis and innovation ability, this paper introduces the synthesis and characterization of donor-acceptor typed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen by using triarylamine and pyrazine building blocks. By following this experiment, the luminescence mechanism in organic fluorescence molecules and their potential applications, especially for AIE molecules, are illustrated. Furthermore, this is not only beneficial to improve students' experimental skills, such as vacuum distillation, extraction, drying, and column chromatography, but also promote their understanding in instrumentations, such as nuclear magnetic resonance instruments, high resolution mass spectrometers, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers, and spectrofluorometer. The significant improvement in experimental ability and innovation ability for students can be achieved through a good combination of classroom study and comprehensive experimental learning, thus finally resulting in a foundation to further cultivate their innovation capability in the scientific research in future.

The connection and fragmentation of carbon-carbon bond is always a hot topic in organic synthesis, and scientists have been finding different ways to achieve this goal. Many achievements have been made in this field. Grignard reaction and olefin metathesis reaction are the famous and typical ones. In particular, olefin metathesis provides a new way to connect sp² carbon and sp² carbon, which suits some active molecules. Therefore, the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to three scientists who made outstanding contributions to olefin metathesis. This experiment is consisted of three reactions, including the improved Grignard reaction, DMAP-catalyzed esterification, and ring closing olefin metathesis cyclization. It is helpful to understand the process and mechanism of organic reactions and enjoy the charm of organic synthesis.

Based on the training of applied talents, an application-oriented comprehensive experiment "magnetic material and its adsorption properties" is designed by innovating teaching content, methods and introducing research results into experimental course. This experiment has supplemented and expanded the content of structure and property test. In addition, it integrates the advanced and interdisciplinary scientific issues in scientific research. The practice indicated that this experiment had comprehensive feature and contained theory of materials chemistry, instrumental analysis, and physical chemistry. The professional operation skills were developed through the systematic training of laboratory skill. The principle knowledge and its practical usage were also intensified in this experiment. It was helpful for training analyzing skill and problem solving ability, and reinforcing the creativity of students.

This paper illustrates a laboratory training experiment covering polymer chemistry, electrosynthesis and instrumental analysis. In this experiment, the temperature-responsive microgel is synthesized following e-ATRP via electrochemically active polymerization on a commercialized electrochemical reaction device, and then temperature-responsive property of the microgels is characterized by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and dynamic light-scattering. This experiment is based on the research of cutting-edge topics, allowing expanding to the synthesis of other polymers or using a variety of electrochemical technology, which is helpful to train the students' awareness of interdisciplinary integration thinking and environmental awareness, and to train the students' innovation ability.

A comprehensive chemical experiment is introduced. A new cationic polymer flocculant of starch grafted polyacrylamide was synthesized by graft polymerization and cationic modification. The structure was characterized and the application of polyacrylamide, starch grafted polyacrylamide and starch grafted polyacrylamide cationic flocculants in wastewater purification was investigated. This comprehensive experiment combines theory with practice, which helps to stimulate students' interest in learning, cultivate students' interdisciplinary thinking and the comprehensive ability to analyze and solve practical problems.

A research-oriented computational chemistry experiment for senior undergraduates is presented. The AB₄-type oxyacid negative ions of the main group elements are examples of the types of chemical bonding discussed in theoretical courses of inorganic and structural chemistry, yet the results are controversial. In this experiment, we use common quantum chemistry software to analyze chemical bonding, verify assumptions, and draw conclusions by computational chemistry methods. Through this experiment, students will practice the use of quantum chemical calculations and thus deepen their understanding of basic chemical knowledge.

The design principles of the experimental theory examination for the 12th National Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Tournament were introduced. The problems with the competition and the analyses of the results were also provided.

The inorganic and analytical chemistry experiments for the 12th National Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Tournament were introduced. The results were summarized and the main problems in the experimental test were analyzed.

The design ideas and experimental test for the physical chemistry experiment for the 12th National Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Tournament were introduced. The problems with the tournament were also analyzed.

The design idea for the organic chemistry experimental test for the 12th National Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Tournament was interpreted. The problems with the competition were illustrated, and the test results were analyzed.