大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (5): 275-284.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202511142

所属专题： 第5届全国大学生化学实验创新设计大赛

专题 上一篇    

阳极溶出伏安法测定水中微量镉的无汞化改进

周浩彬, 杜帅, 郭雪松, 王玥, 钟琴, 王童, 王玉枝, 宦双燕, 颜海龙, 李昆   

  1. 湖南大学化学化工学院, 化学生物传感全国重点实验室, 基础化学国家级实验教学示范中心(湖南大学), 教育部分析化学课程虚拟教研室, 湖南 长沙 410082
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20 录用日期:2026-02-26 发布日期:2026-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 颜海龙, 李昆 E-mail:yanhailong@hnu.edu.cn;kunli@hnu.edu.cn Hailong Yan, Kun Li
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省普通本科高校教学改革研究项目(202502000209)；湖南大学课程思政示范课程建设项目(基础分析化学实验)

Mercury-free improvement of anodic stripping voltammetry for the determination of trace cadmium in water

Haobin Zhou, Shuai Du, Xuesong Guo, Yue Wang, Qin Zhong, Tong Wang, Yuzhi Wang, Shuangyan Huan, Hailong Yan, Kun Li   

  1. Virtual Teaching and Research Section of Analytical Chemistry Course, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fundamental Chemistry Education (Hunan University), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
  • Received:2025-11-20 Accepted:2026-02-26 Published:2026-05-21
  • Contact: Hailong Yan, Kun Li E-mail:yanhailong@hnu.edu.cn;kunli@hnu.edu.cn

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摘要： 基于汞膜电极的阳极溶出伏安法是测定微量镉的经典方法之一，已经被多所高校选入本科实验教学课程。然而，汞膜电极存在污染风险、重现性差等问题，并且实验中镉的消耗量较高。本文成功制备了一种基于低毒性共晶镓铟合金与电化学还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的新型无汞电极，并采用方波伏安法替代线性扫描伏安法，建立了一种测定微量镉的改进方案。实验结果表明，该方法显著提高了分析信号的稳定性与灵敏度。同时，改进实验中镉消耗量相比传统实验降低了两个数量级以上，并有效削减了约50%的实验成本，展现出环保、低成本等优势。该改进实验将分析化学与材料、物理化学等多学科前沿交叉融合，紧扣社会需求，实用性强，安全性好，不仅有助于培养学生的实验技能，更能激发其对电分析化学的研究兴趣与创新思维，在本科实验教学中具有较高的推广价值。

关键词: 仪器分析, 阳极溶出伏安法, 镉离子检测, 实验教学

Abstract: Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) employing mercury-film electrodes (MFEs) has been widely adopted as a standard technique for trace cadmium detection and incorporated into undergraduate laboratory programs. However, conventional MFEs present significant drawbacks including mercury contamination risks and poor reproducibility, along with excessive cadmium consumption during experiments. In this study, we developed an innovative mercury-free electrode utilizing a composite material of low-toxicity eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) alloy and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (erGO). By implementing square-wave voltammetry instead of linear sweep voltammetry, an improved protocol for trace cadmium determination was established. Experimental results demonstrated substantial enhancements in signal stability and sensitivity. Notably, the modified method reduced cadmium consumption by over two orders of magnitude while decreasing experimental costs by approximately 50%, showcasing its environmental and economic advantages. This redesigned experiment integrates multidisciplinary concepts from analytical chemistry, materials science, and physical chemistry, addressing contemporary environmental concerns while providing a safer, cost-effective alternative. The approach not only enhances students’ practical skills but also fosters research interest and innovative thinking in electroanalytical chemistry, making it highly suitable for undergraduate laboratory education.

Key words: Instrumental analysis, Anodic stripping voltammetry, Cadmium ion detection, Laboratory teaching