大学化学 >> 2025, Vol. 40 >> Issue (12): 95-107.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202509041

教学研究与改革 上一篇    下一篇

从科学到大学化学

姚加, 彭笑刚   

  1. 浙江大学化学系, 杭州 310058
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10 录用日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 彭笑刚 E-mail:xpeng@zju.edu.cn Xiaogang Peng
  • 基金资助:
    2023年湖北中医药大学教育教学研究一般项目(2023B15)；2024年湖北中医药大学教育教学研究重点项目(2024A04)；2024年湖北中医药大学教育教学研究一般项目(2024B06)

From Science to University Chemistry

Jia Yao, Xiaogang Peng   

  1. Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • Received:2025-09-10 Accepted:2025-09-25 Published:2025-12-27
  • Contact: Xiaogang Peng E-mail:xpeng@zju.edu.cn

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摘要： 从基础层面考察科学教育，讨论科学的实质，认识科学精神与科学智慧，以及考察科学与其他认识世界方式的差异与关联，进一步通过分析现代科学的结构，勾勒化学在整个科学大框架中的位置。对本科一年级大学化学的教学提出建议：需要重新审视微观的量子化学，以更好地服务于宏观系统；需要整理一个适合于21世纪化学学科发展水平的宏观化学整体框架，与微观的量子化学框架相统一。为学生勾画出一幅微观-宏观统一的图画。化学的实验事实丰富，积累在各种数据手册中。对于一年级本科生，应该学会如何甄别实验数据，在恰当的水平上使用手册中的数据，明白实验数据也不是绝对真理，尤其要学会区别实验数据与他人对实验数据的解读。

关键词: 科学, 物质观, 大学化学, 微观, 宏观, 实验

Abstract: This paper examines science education from a fundamental level, discusses the essence of science, understands the spirit and wisdom of science, and analyzes the differences and connections between science and other ways of understanding the world. Furthermore, by analyzing the structure of modern science, it outlines the position of chemistry in the scientific framework and provides suggestions for teaching chemistry in first-year undergraduate students. We need to re-examine the microscopic quantum chemistry part to better serve macroscopic systems; for the macroscopic chemistry section, it is necessary to organize an overall framework that is suitable for the chemistry in the 21st century and is unified with the microscopic quantum chemistry framework, attempting to draw a picture of the unity of micro and macro. The experimental facts of chemistry are rich and accumulated in various data handbooks. For first-year undergraduate students, they should learn how to distinguish experimental data, use the data in the handbooks at an appropriate level, understand that experimental data is not absolute truth, and especially learn to distinguish experimental data from others' interpretations of experimental data.

Key words: Science, View of matter, University chemistry, Microscopic, Macroscopic, Experiment