大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (3): 191-199.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507045

所属专题： 化学实验标准与规范建设

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溶解、结晶和晶体培养操作规范建议

曾秀琼1, 蔡吉清1, 陈晨1, 任艳平2, 李婉3, 范永仙4, 赵发琼5, 章文伟6, 石梅7, 胡敏8, 胡锴5, 王秀云9, 李维红10, 范勇11, 邱晓航12, 宋娟娟13, 刘冬成14, 张剑荣6, 张树永15   

  1. 1 浙江大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江大学), 杭州 310058;
    2 厦门大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(厦门大学), 福建 厦门 361005;
    3 中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026;
    4 浙江工业大学化学工程学院, 化学化工国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江工业大学), 杭州 310014;
    5 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 武汉 430072;
    6 南京大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南京大学), 南京 210023;
    7 复旦大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
    8 西安交通大学化学学院, 西安 710049;
    9 大连理工大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(大连理工大学), 辽宁 大连 116024;
    10 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京大学), 北京 100871;
    11 吉林大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(吉林大学), 长春 130012;
    12 南开大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学), 天津 300071;
    13 内蒙古民族大学化学与材料学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(内蒙古民族大学), 内蒙古 通辽 028000;
    14 广西师范大学化学与药学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(广西师范大学), 广西 桂林 541004;
    15 山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 录用日期:2025-07-21 发布日期:2026-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 任艳平, 张剑荣, 张树永 E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang
  • 基金资助:
    教育部虚拟教研室建设试点项目；教育部高校教师教学组织和教学发展体系建设研究项目

Suggestions on Dissolution, Crystallization and Crystal Cultivation

Xiuqiong Zeng1, Jiqing Cai1, Chen Chen1, Yanping Ren2, Wan Li3, Yongxian Fan4, Faqiong Zhao5, Wenwei Zhang6, Mei Shi7, Min Hu8, Kai Hu5, Xiuyun Wang9, Weihong Li10, Yong Fan11, Xiaohang Qiu12, Juanjuan Song13, Dongcheng Liu14, Jianrong Zhang6, Shuyong Zhang15   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education (Zhejiang University of Technology), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
    5 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    8 School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Dalian University of Technology), School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    10 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    11 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    12 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    13 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Inner Mongolia Minzu University), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;
    14 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Guangxi Normal University), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China;
    15 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-07-21 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

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摘要： 溶解、结晶和晶体培养是配制溶液、化学合成、混合物分离与纯化等实验过程中必不可少的操作，是高校化学类专业学生必须掌握的实验技能。本文主要介绍了溶解、结晶和晶体培养的方法，提出了相关的操作规范建议，并结合实验案例强调了注意事项。

关键词: 溶解, 结晶, 晶体培养, 单晶, 操作规范

Abstract: Dissolution, crystallization and crystal cultivation are fundamental operations in the experiments of solution preparation, chemical synthesis, separation and purification. These are essential techniques for students in chemistry-related majors. This paper introduces the methods of these operations, outlines the related operation standards, and emphasizes the key precautions based on some practical cases.

Key words: Dissolution, Crystallization, Crystal cultivation, Single crystal, Operation standards