大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (3): 182-190.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507046

所属专题： 化学实验标准与规范建设

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加热和加热仪器使用操作规范建议(五)——固相合成与高温加热及高温炉(马弗炉、管式炉)的使用

李婉1, 石梅2, 任艳平3, 赵发琼4, 胡敏5, 王秀云6, 宋娟娟7, 范永仙8, 刘冬成9, 曾秀琼10, 章文伟11, 李维红12, 邱晓航13, 范勇14, 张剑荣11, 张树永15   

  1. 1 中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026;
    2 复旦大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
    3 厦门大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(厦门大学), 福建 厦门 361005;
    4 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 武汉 430072;
    5 西安交通大学化学学院, 西安 710049;
    6 大连理工大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(大连理工大学), 辽宁 大连 116024;
    7 内蒙古民族大学化学与材料学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(内蒙古民族大学), 内蒙古 通辽 028000;
    8 浙江工业大学化学工程学院, 化学化工国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江工业大学), 杭州 310014;
    9 广西师范大学化学与药学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(广西师范大学), 广西 桂林 541004;
    10 浙江大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江大学), 杭州 310058;
    11 南京大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南京大学), 南京 210023;
    12 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京大学), 北京 100871;
    13 南开大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学), 天津 300071;
    14 吉林大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(吉林大学), 长春 130012;
    15 山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 录用日期:2025-07-21 发布日期:2026-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 任艳平, 张剑荣, 张树永 E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang
  • 基金资助:
    教育部虚拟教研室建设试点项目；教育部高校教师教学组织和教学发展体系建设研究项目

Suggestions on Heating and Heating Instruments (Part V): Solid-State Synthesis and High-Temperature Heating Using Muffle and Tube Furnaces

Wan Li1, Mei Shi2, Yanping Ren3, Faqiong Zhao4, Min Hu5, Xiuyun Wang6, Juanjuan Song7, Yongxian Fan8, Dongcheng Liu9, Xiuqiong Zeng10, Wenwei Zhang11, Weihong Li12, Xiaohang Qiu13, Yong Fan14, Jianrong Zhang11, Shuyong Zhang15   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    5 School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Dalian University of Technology), School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Inner Mongolia Minzu University), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education (Zhejiang University of Technology), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Guangxi Normal University), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China;
    10 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    11 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    12 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    13 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    14 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    15 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-07-21 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

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摘要： 高温固相合成是制备无机材料的一种重要方法，其中用于加热的高温炉(如马弗炉和管式炉)的规范操作直接影响实验安全、实验效率与实验结果的可靠性。本文主要介绍高温固相合成的基本特点，并对马弗炉与管式炉的使用操作规范提出建议，旨在为相关教学科研工作提供参考，帮助实验人员安全、高效地开展高温加热实验，提高实验过程可控性、数据准确性及设备使用寿命。

关键词: 化学实验, 固相合成, 高温加热, 马弗炉, 管式炉, 操作规范

Abstract: High-temperature solid-state synthesis is an important method for preparing inorganic materials, while the standardized operation of high-temperature furnaces, such as muffle furnaces and tube furnaces, directly affects experimental safety, efficiency and the reliability of results. This article introduces the characteristics of high-temperature solid-state synthesis, along with the detailed operation standards for muffle furnaces and tube furnaces. We aim to provide a reference for relevant experimental teaching and research, assisting laboratory personnel in conducting high-temperature heating experiments safely and efficiently, and improving process controllability, data accuracy and equipment service life.

Key words: Chemical experiments, Solid-state synthesis, High-temperature heating, Muffle furnace, Tube furnace, Operation standards