大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (3): 110-121.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507033

所属专题： 化学实验标准与规范建设； 化学实验标准与规范建设

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化学物质的干燥及烘箱、真空干燥箱和冻干机使用操作规范建议

赵发琼1, 曾秀琼2, 胡锴1, 刘海燕1, 任艳平3, 李婉4, 章文伟5, 宋娟娟6, 范永仙7, 刘冬成8, 石梅9, 胡敏10, 王秀云11, 李维红12, 邱晓航13, 范勇14, 张剑荣5, 张树永15   

  1. 1 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 武汉 430072;
    2 浙江大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江大学), 杭州 310058;
    3 厦门大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(厦门大学), 福建 厦门 361005;
    4 中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026;
    5 南京大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南京大学), 南京 210023;
    6 内蒙古民族大学化学与材料学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(内蒙古民族大学), 内蒙古 通辽 028000;
    7 浙江工业大学化学工程学院, 化学化工国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江工业大学), 杭州 310014;
    8 广西师范大学化学与药学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(广西师范大学), 广西 桂林 541004;
    9 复旦大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
    10 西安交通大学化学学院, 西安 710049;
    11 大连理工大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(大连理工大学), 辽宁 大连 116024;
    12 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京大学), 北京 100871;
    13 南开大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学), 天津 300071;
    14 吉林大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(吉林大学), 长春 130012;
    15 山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 录用日期:2025-07-21 发布日期:2026-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 任艳平, 张剑荣, 张树永 E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang
  • 基金资助:
    教育部虚拟教研室建设试点项目；教育部高校教师教学组织和教学发展体系建设研究项目

Suggestions on Operation Specifications for Drying of Chemical Substances and Use of Air-Blast Drying Ovens, Vacuum Drying Ovens and Freeze Dryers

Faqiong Zhao1, Xiuqiong Zeng2, Kai Hu1, Haiyan Liu1, Yanping Ren3, Wan Li4, Wenwei Zhang5, Juanjuan Song6, Yongxian Fan7, Dongcheng Liu8, Mei Shi9, Min Hu10, Xiuyun Wang11, Weihong Li12, Xiaohang Qiu13, Yong Fan14, Jianrong Zhang5, Shuyong Zhang15   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    5 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Inner Mongolia Minzu University), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education (Zhejiang University of Technology), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Guangxi Normal University), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    10 School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
    11 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Dalian University of Technology), School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    12 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    13 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    14 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    15 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-07-21 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

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摘要： 干燥是化学实验中使用频率很高的基本操作。理解化学物质干燥的原理，根据物质的特点和干燥需求选择合适的干燥方法，并正确规范地进行干燥操作，是化学及相关专业本科生必须掌握的基础知识和基本实验技能。本文介绍了实验室常用干燥剂的类型、性能与适用范围，并阐述了针对不同物态化学物质常用的干燥方法及其原理。同时，介绍了玻璃干燥器、鼓风干燥箱、真空干燥箱以及冷冻干燥机等设备的使用方法及注意事项，并给出了相应的操作规范建议，希望能为国内同行开展实验教学和科研实践提供参考。

关键词: 化学实验, 干燥, 干燥剂, 鼓风/真空干燥箱, 操作规范

Abstract: Drying is a high-frequency fundamental operation in chemical experiments. Mastering the principles of drying chemical substances, selecting appropriate drying methods based on different substances’ characteristics and drying requirements, and performing drying operations correctly and standardly are essential basic knowledge and experimental skills that undergraduate students in chemistry and related fields must acquire. This article introduces the types, properties, and applicable ranges of commonly used desiccants in laboratories, the frequently-used drying methods and drying principles for chemical substances in different states, as well as the usage of common drying equipment including glass dryers, air-blast drying ovens, vacuum drying ovens, and freeze dryers. It also provides corresponding operational suggestions, aiming to serve as a reference for domestic peers in experimental teaching and scientific research practices.

Key words: Chemical experiment, Drying, Desiccant, Air-blast/vacuum drying ovens, Operational standards