Abstract: The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to the field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). As a novel class of porous crystalline materials formed through the self-assembly of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands via coordination bonds, MOFs have become a research focus in materials science over the past three decades due to their three fundamental advantages: high specific surface area, precisely tunable pore sizes, and modular structural design. This review systematically examines the evolution of MOF research, from the initial discovery of basic frameworks, through intermediate stages of stability optimization and functional modification, to recent breakthroughs in large-scale synthesis techniques (e.g., green hydrothermal methods, mechanochemical grinding) and processing technologies (e.g., MOF membranes, MOF-polymer composites). We highlight their significant applications in five key areas: gas storage/separation, electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, biomedicine, and optoelectromagnetic functional devices, featuring notable examples such as UTSA-280, GOx@Cu MOF, and Cd(BDC)(DMF). However, challenges remain regarding high production costs for large-scale manufacturing, limited stability in complex environments, and unverified biosafety. Future research should focus on innovative structural design and mechanistic understanding, optimization of green synthesis processes, performance enhancement through integration, and comprehensive safety assessments to facilitate MOF industrialization in strategic fields including carbon neutrality initiatives, precision medicine, and renewable energy, ultimately establishing them as pivotal materials for sustainable development.

Key words: Metal-organic frameworks, Porous crystalline materials, Gas separation, Green synthesis, Catalysis