简谈普适气体常量R——贯穿普化教育的重要常量

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903009

Abstract

Abstract:

The universal gas constant R is an important constant in physics, and one of the vital fundamental constant throughout the teaching of general chemistry. This article aims to present a general review about the universal gas constant to the science and engineering majored students, including its history, determination, physical meaning and applications in chemical education. The choice of R values under various conditions is also provided to help students better understand and master basic concepts.

Key words: Universal gas constant, Boltzmann's constant, Acoustic measurement

Chengyu ZHAI,Meng CHEN. A Brief Introduction to the Universal Gas Constant R: A Vital Constant throughout the Teaching of General Chemistry[J].University Chemistry, 2019, 34(9): 75-79.

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References 8

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公式分类	具体公式	R的取值方法
与能量相关	Clapeyron-Clausius方程：$\lg\frac{{{p_2}}}{{{p_1}}} = \frac{{\Delta {H_{{\rm{vap}}}}}}{{2.30R}}\left( {\frac{{{T_2} - {T_1}}}{{{T_1}{T_2}}}} \right)$ van’t Hoff等温式：$\Delta G\left( T \right) = \Delta {G^{⊖}}\left( T \right) + 2.30RT\lg Q$ van’t Hoff方程式：$\lg \frac{{{K_{{p_2}}}}}{{{K_{{p_1}}}}} = \frac{{\Delta {H^{⊖}}}}{{2.30R}}\left( {\frac{{{T_2} - {T_1}}}{{{T_1}{T_2}}}} \right)$ Nernst方程式：${E_{池}}{\rm{ = }}E_{池}^{⊖} - \frac{{2.30RT}}{{nF}}\ln Q$ Arrhenius公式：$k = A{{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{E_{\rm{a}}}}}{{RT}}}}$ 理想气体可逆膨胀：$W = - nRT\ln \frac{{{V_2}}}{{{V_1}}}$	R取值一般不变，取8.314 J·mol^-1·K^-1
与压强、体积相关	理想气体状态方程：$pV = nRT$ van der Waals方程：$\left( {p + \frac{a}{{{V^2}}}} \right)\left( {V - b} \right) = RT$ 渗透压公式：$\pi = cRT$ 平衡常数换算：${K_P} = {K_c}{\left( {RT} \right)^{\Delta n}}$	R的取值与压强及体积的单位密切相关

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A Brief Introduction to the Universal Gas Constant R: A Vital Constant throughout the Teaching of General Chemistry

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