创新教学方法，助力本科生科研创新能力培养——“扶-牵-引-放”四步教学法

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202103003

Abstract

Abstract:

Talent training is the main responsibility of colleges and universities. Teaching and education accepted at the undergraduate stage is crucial to the cultivation of innovative talents. Experimental teaching is one of the important links to improve the innovative ability of undergraduates in scientific research and to cultivate practical personnel. This paper systematically introduces how to apply the four-step teaching pedagogy based on "supporting-pulling-leading-releasing" to the multi-level analytical chemistry experiment course teaching so as to train students' comprehensive experimental skills at discovering, analyzing and solving problems step by step, and thus cultivating students' innovative perception and ability. The final goal of teaching knowledge and skills as well as training innovative research quality is achieved.

Key words: Teaching pedagogy, Experimental teaching, Undergraduate, Scientific research ability, Innovation perception

Qizhi Yao, Gu Jin, Pingping Zhu, Lingling Li, Jiao Li, Hongyu Liu. Innovating Teaching Pedagogy to Help the Cultivation of Undergraduates' Scientific Research Ability: "Supporting-Pulling-Leading-Releasing" Based Four-Step Pedagogies[J].University Chemistry, 2021, 36(7): 2103003.

实验项目	教学目的	实验类型	课时占比
滴定分析操作的练习(8学时)	掌握化学分析基本实验操作技能和实验方法；加深对理论知识理解，树立严格的“量”的概念；培养严谨细致的实验作风和独立思考习惯	基础型	30%
酸碱滴定法测定未知碱(8学时)
酸碱滴定法测定有机酸摩尔质量(8学时)
返滴定法测定铝(8学时)
无汞盐法测定铁矿石中的全铁(8学时)
碘量法测定铜(8学时)
白云石中钙的测定(高锰酸钾法) (8学时)	提高学生知识综合运用能力；培养学生观察实验现象、发现问题和尝试解决问题的实践能力	综合型	20%
甲基橙的合成、pH变色域确定及离解常数的测定(8学时)
SDS在Al₂O₃表面的自组装及分离、富集铜离子(8学时)
聚乙二醇-硫酸铵-亚硝基R盐体系用于钴(Ⅱ)的分离(8学时)
BaSO₄均相沉淀历程探究(8学时)	激发学生实验潜能和积极进取的探索精神；提高学生分析问题和解决问题的综合实验能力	探究型	30%
纳米羟基磷灰石材料的制备及成分分析(16学时)
海藻酸盐微胶囊的制备、药物包封及缓控释分析(8学时)
碘与水溶性高分子显色体系探究(16学时)
混合溶液中Ca²⁺、Ba²⁺测定(16学时)	系统培养学生基本科研能力，全面提升学生求异创新的科研素质和创新能力	设计型	20%
实验室含铬废液回收、价态分析及评价(16学时)	系统培养学生基本科研能力，全面提升学生求异创新的科研素质和创新能力	设计型	20%

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2	国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020年). [2006-02-09]. http://www.most.gov.cn/ztzl/gjzcqgy/zcqgygynr/index.htm
3	金谷; 姚奇志; 江万权; 李娇; 刘红瑜; 王晓葵. 分析化学实验,第2版合肥: 中国科学技术大学出版社, 2020.
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Innovating Teaching Pedagogy to Help the Cultivation of Undergraduates' Scientific Research Ability: "Supporting-Pulling-Leading-Releasing" Based Four-Step Pedagogies

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