环境化学课程矿冶特色化教学改革与实践

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202204015

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to meet the environmental-protection demands of the mining and metallurgy industries, attention needs to be paid to combining basic theory with the advanced mining and metallurgical characteristics of the discipline when teaching environmental chemistry. Adopting educational reform measures, including adjusting and optimizing the course content, implementing interactive teaching, opening the student platform, intensifying experimental practice, and reforming examination methods, will stimulate students learning, improve the impact of teaching, and strengthen basic theoretical environmental-protection knowledge in the mining and metallurgy fields. These measures will enable innovative professional talents to be comprehensively trained to meet the environmental protection service needs of the mining and metallurgy industries.

Key words: Environmental chemistry, Characteristics of mining and metallurgy, Teaching reform

Na Song, Xiaoyu Ma, Ming Gao, Chuanfu Wu, Xiaona Wang, Qunhui Wang. Teaching Reform and Practice of the Environmental Chemistry Course from a Mining and Metallurgy Perspective[J].University Chemistry, 2023, 38(3): 88-92.

教学单元	矿业特色教学内容	案例举例	化学原理
大气环境化学	矿井空气的污染与防治技术	生物纳膜源头抑尘新技术^[4]	界面化学原理：将生物药剂与水形成的新材料——纳米膜喷附在矿石表面吸引和团聚粉尘
水环境化学	矿山废水来源、特点及治理	酸性废水生成机理	矿石中含有部分硫化铁(FeS₂)，FeS₂被先后氧化成FeSO₄、Fe₂(SO₄)₃，Fe₂(SO₄)₃氧化FeS₂生成硫酸：7Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + FeS₂ + 8H₂O → 15FeSO₄ + 8H₂SO₄
土壤环境化学	矿山地质植被变迁与生态修复	重金属污染矿山的植物修复技术	超积累植物十字花科遏蓝菜属提取重金属Zn元素和Cd元素，皱叶酸提取重金属Pb元素，蜈蚣草提取As元素，香根草提取Cu元素等^[5]

教学单元	冶金特色教学内容	案例举例	化学原理
大气环境化学	粉尘、烧结机烟气、焦化烟气、炼钢烟气中的污染物、形成机理、防治技术	密相干塔法烟气脱硫技术原理	利用喷雾干燥原理，将脱硫剂(Ca(OH)₂)浆液喷入吸收塔，脱硫剂与烟气中的SO₂发生化学反应，生成固体的脱硫副产物(Ca(OH)₂ + SO₂ → CaSO₃ + H₂O)，同时利用烟气热量促进脱硫剂不断干燥。脱硫过程中，未完全反应的脱硫剂、脱硫副产物、飞灰等颗粒物可在旋风分离器和吸收塔间循环，通过与烟气充分接触有效提高了脱硫剂的利用率和脱硫率
水环境化学	焦化废水、高炉废水、炼钢废水、连铸废水、轧钢废水污染及治理	高级氧化法治理焦化废水技术原理	芬顿法利用羟基自由基(∙OH)氧化去除废水中的难降解有机物和氰化物^[6] RH + ∙OH → R∙ + H₂O R∙ + Fe³⁺ → R⁺ + Fe²⁺ R⁺ + O₂ → ROO⁺ → ……CO₂ + H₂O
固废环境化学	炼钢渣(转炉、电炉)、铁合金渣、含铁尘泥的资源化利用	钢渣用于重金属废水处理	以铬为例：钢渣中的FeO与溶液中的Cr₂O₇²⁻发生氧化还原反应： 6FeO(s) + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 8H⁺ → 3Fe₂O₃(s) + 2Cr³⁺ + 4H₂O 钢渣呈碱性，被钢渣还原吸附的Cr³⁺生成Cr(OH)₃沉淀而沉积于钢渣表面：Cr³⁺ + 3OH⁻ → Cr(OH)₃(s)↓

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Teaching Reform and Practice of the Environmental Chemistry Course from a Mining and Metallurgy Perspective

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